Podcast
Questions and Answers
Enzymes are ______ catalysts, specifically found in living organisms.
Enzymes are ______ catalysts, specifically found in living organisms.
biological
Cutting up wood increases its ______ area, allowing fire to access more parts.
Cutting up wood increases its ______ area, allowing fire to access more parts.
surface
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that matter cannot be ______ or destroyed in a chemical reaction.
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that matter cannot be ______ or destroyed in a chemical reaction.
created
The total amount of ______ before and after a reaction remains the same.
The total amount of ______ before and after a reaction remains the same.
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When you subtract the ______ number from the mass number, you get the number of neutrons.
When you subtract the ______ number from the mass number, you get the number of neutrons.
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Democritus proposed that matter is made up of tiny, indivisible particles called "______" (atoms), which cannot be broken down further.
Democritus proposed that matter is made up of tiny, indivisible particles called "______" (atoms), which cannot be broken down further.
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Aristotle disagreed with Democritus and believed that all matter was made up of four ______: earth, water, air, and fire.
Aristotle disagreed with Democritus and believed that all matter was made up of four ______: earth, water, air, and fire.
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Dalton proposed that atoms are solid, indivisible ______.
Dalton proposed that atoms are solid, indivisible ______.
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J.J. Thomson discovered the ______ and proposed the "plum pudding model" where atoms are made of a positive sphere with negatively charged electrons embedded within.
J.J. Thomson discovered the ______ and proposed the "plum pudding model" where atoms are made of a positive sphere with negatively charged electrons embedded within.
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Rutherford discovered the ______ through his gold foil experiment.
Rutherford discovered the ______ through his gold foil experiment.
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Bohr proposed that electrons orbit the nucleus in specific ______ or shells.
Bohr proposed that electrons orbit the nucleus in specific ______ or shells.
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The modern ______ model suggests that electrons do not orbit the nucleus in fixed paths but move in regions called "electron clouds" or orbitals, where there is a high probability of finding an electron.
The modern ______ model suggests that electrons do not orbit the nucleus in fixed paths but move in regions called "electron clouds" or orbitals, where there is a high probability of finding an electron.
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An ion is an atom that has gained or lost ______, so it has a positive or negative charge.
An ion is an atom that has gained or lost ______, so it has a positive or negative charge.
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When an atom loses electrons, it becomes positively charged, also known as a ______.
When an atom loses electrons, it becomes positively charged, also known as a ______.
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When an atom gains electrons, it becomes negatively charged, also known as an ______.
When an atom gains electrons, it becomes negatively charged, also known as an ______.
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Ionic compounds are made of positive ions (cations) and negative ions (anions) that are held together by strong forces called ______ bonds.
Ionic compounds are made of positive ions (cations) and negative ions (anions) that are held together by strong forces called ______ bonds.
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Many ionic compounds dissolve easily in ______.
Many ionic compounds dissolve easily in ______.
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Molecular compounds are made of non-metals that share electrons to form ______ bonds.
Molecular compounds are made of non-metals that share electrons to form ______ bonds.
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Prefixes are used to indicate how many atoms of each element are in the compound (see the table below). Example: CO2 "carbon ______" (di- means 2).
Prefixes are used to indicate how many atoms of each element are in the compound (see the table below). Example: CO2 "carbon ______" (di- means 2).
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A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being changed or used up in the process. Example: The metal in a car’s catalytic converter speeds up reactions to reduce ______.
A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being changed or used up in the process. Example: The metal in a car’s catalytic converter speeds up reactions to reduce ______.
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WHMIS stands for Workplace Hazardous Materials Information ______.
WHMIS stands for Workplace Hazardous Materials Information ______.
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A ______ is a combination of two or more substances where each retains its own properties.
A ______ is a combination of two or more substances where each retains its own properties.
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A ______ mixture is one in which the components are not evenly distributed and can be easily distinguished.
A ______ mixture is one in which the components are not evenly distributed and can be easily distinguished.
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An ______ compound is formed when two or more elements chemically combine in fixed proportions.
An ______ compound is formed when two or more elements chemically combine in fixed proportions.
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The average mass of an atom of an element, including its isotopes, is referred to as its ______ mass.
The average mass of an atom of an element, including its isotopes, is referred to as its ______ mass.
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A ______ reaction absorbs energy from its surroundings.
A ______ reaction absorbs energy from its surroundings.
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The ______ number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
The ______ number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
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The law of conservation of mass states that mass is neither created nor ______ in a chemical reaction.
The law of conservation of mass states that mass is neither created nor ______ in a chemical reaction.
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Study Notes
WHMIS
- WHMIS stands for Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System
- It's Canada's national system for hazardous material information in workplaces.
Matter and Mixtures
- Matter: Anything with mass and volume.
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Mixture: Two or more substances combined, each retaining its properties.
- Heterogeneous Mixture: Components not evenly mixed, easily distinguishable (e.g., sand in water).
- Suspension: Heterogeneous mixture with visible particles that settle.
- Colloid: Heterogeneous mixture with evenly distributed particles that don't settle.
- Homogeneous Mixture: Components evenly distributed, uniform appearance (e.g., salt water).
Pure Substances
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Pure Substance: Uniform composition, only one type of particle.
- Elements: Pure substances made of only one type of atom (found on the periodic table).
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Compounds: Pure substances formed by combining two or more elements chemically in fixed ratios.
- Ionic Compound: Formed by transferring electrons (cations and anions).
- Molecular Compound: Formed by sharing electrons (covalent bonds).
Properties of Matter
- Physical Properties: Observable or measurable without changing composition (e.g., color, density).
- Chemical Properties: Describe a substance's ability to react or undergo a chemical change.
Atomic Structure
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Atom: Smallest unit of an element.
- Atomic Mass: Average mass of an atom, including isotopes (in atomic mass units).
- Mass Number: Total number of protons and neutrons.
- Atomic Number: Number of protons, determines the element.
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Ions: Charged atoms (positive or negative) gained or lost electrons.
- Cation: Positive ion (loses electrons).
- Anion: Negative ion (gains electrons).
Chemical Reactions
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Chemical Reaction: Substances (reactants) turn into different substances (products) with new properties.
- Exothermic Reaction: Releases energy (heat or light).
- Endothermic Reaction: Absorbs energy.
- Law of Conservation of Mass: Mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction; total mass of reactants = total mass of products.
Atomic Models
- Democritus: Proposed atoms as indivisible.
- Aristotle: Rejected atoms, proposed four elements.
- Dalton: Atoms are solid spheres, identical for same elements, combine in specific ratios.
- J.J. Thomson: Discovered electrons; "plum pudding" model.
- Rutherford: Discovered the nucleus; atoms mostly empty space.
- Bohr: Electrons orbit nucleus in specific energy levels.
- Modern Cloud Theory (Quantum Mechanical Model): Electrons move in electron clouds/orbitals; probabilities for location.
Ionic Compounds
- Formation: Formed by positive (cations) and negative (anions) held by ionic bonds.
- Properties: High melting/boiling points, dissolves in water, conduct electricity in molten or dissolved state.
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Nomenclature:
- Name the metal (cation).
- Name the nonmetal (anion) with "-ide" ending.
- For transition metals with multiple charges, use Roman numerals.
Molecular Compounds
- Formation: Formed by nonmetals sharing electrons (covalent bonds).
- Properties: Low melting/boiling points, poor conductors, exist as solids, liquids, or gases at room temperature.
- Nomenclature: Use prefixes to denote the number of atoms (see table below).
Chemical Reactions and Rates
- Signs of a chemical reaction: Color change, bubbling, solid formation, energy change.
- Factors affecting reaction rate: Temperature, concentration, surface area, catalyst.
- Catalyst: Speeds up a reaction without being consumed.
- Enzyme: Biological catalyst; speeds up reactions in living organisms.
Law of Conservation of Mass
- The mass of the products in a chemical reaction equals the mass of the reactants.
Calculation
- Number of neutrons = mass number - atomic number
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Description
Explore the concepts of matter, mixtures, and the Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS) in this comprehensive quiz. Test your knowledge on pure substances, heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures, and other foundational chemistry principles. Perfect for students looking to deepen their understanding of chemistry.
