Chemistry: Matter and WHMIS Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements about the particle model of matter is INCORRECT?

  • Particles in a solid are more spread out than particles in a liquid. (correct)
  • Particles are always in motion.
  • All particles in one substance are the same.
  • Particles are attracted to each other.

Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects the rate of dissolving?

  • The type of container used to hold the solution. (correct)
  • Particle size of the solute
  • Temperature
  • Agitation

Which of the following is an example of a heterogeneous mixture?

  • Sugar dissolved in water.
  • Sand and water (correct)
  • Air
  • Saltwater

What is the difference between a saturated solution and a supersaturated solution?

<p>A supersaturated solution contains more solute than a saturated solution at a specific temperature. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about density is TRUE?

<p>Density is a measure of how much mass is in a given volume. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a substance that is soluble in water?

<p>Sugar (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is water considered the universal solvent?

<p>Water is able to dissolve many different substances. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a pure substance?

<p>Gold (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a compound?

<p>Sugar. (B), Salt (C), Water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following WHMIS symbols is used to represent a corrosive substance?

<p>A hand with a burn mark (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What formula represents Mechanical Advantage (MA) in hydraulic systems?

<p>MA = Output Force / Input Force (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect measures how well a device performs its intended function?

<p>Effectiveness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a hydraulic system, what happens to the pressure when the area of the input piston is decreased while the force remains constant?

<p>Pressure increases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does technological development in mechanical devices primarily relate to changes in society?

<p>It is driven by the need for devices to be more efficient, safer, and less expensive. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating Work in mechanical systems?

<p>Work = Force x Distance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term is most closely associated with the physical appearance and structure of a mechanical device?

<p>Design (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key factor is required for a hydraulic system to function effectively?

<p>Pressure created by the input piston (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes how quickly and easily a mechanical device assists the user?

<p>Efficiency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When discussing the environment, which aspect highlights the development of more efficient vehicles?

<p>Changes in the environment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the input force in a hydraulic system is halved while the area remains constant, what happens to the output force?

<p>The output force is halved. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship between temperature and viscosity for liquids and gases?

<p>Liquids experience a decrease in viscosity as temperature increases, while gases experience an increase in viscosity as temperature increases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A diver is submerged in water and remains stationary. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the buoyant force acting on the diver?

<p>The buoyant force is equal to the force of gravity acting on the diver. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods is MOST suitable for separating a mixture of sand and salt?

<p>Filtration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A simple machine is MOST accurately defined as:

<p>A device that amplifies the force applied to it, making it easier to move a load. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a simple machine?

<p>Hydraulic System (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the work input is 100 joules (J) and the work output is 80 J, what is the efficiency of the machine?

<p>80% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios demonstrates the concept of Pascal's Law?

<p>Using a hydraulic jack to lift a car. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a fluid?

<p>It exhibits a definite volume. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the density of an object is CORRECT?

<p>The density of an object is a measure of its mass per unit of volume. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a block of wood floats in water, which of the following is TRUE about the buoyant force acting on the wood?

<p>The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the wood. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What does WHMIS stand for?

Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System - a system used to communicate information about hazardous materials in the workplace.

Particle model of matter

The theory that everything is made up of tiny, moving particles with spaces between them. These particles are always in motion and attracted to each other.

Pure substance

A pure substance is a single type of matter with a fixed composition. It cannot be broken down into simpler substances by physical means.

Elements

Elements are pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. They are the basic building blocks of all matter.

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Compounds

A compound is a pure substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more different elements in a fixed ratio.

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Mixtures

A mixture is a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded. They can be physically separated.

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Heterogeneous mixture

A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture where the components are not evenly distributed and can be easily distinguished.

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Homogeneous mixture

A homogeneous mixture is a mixture where the components are evenly distributed and appear uniform throughout.

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Solution

A solution is a homogeneous mixture where one substance (the solute) is dissolved into another substance (the solvent).

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Soluble

The ability of a substance to dissolve in a particular solvent.

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Mechanical Advantage (Hydraulic)

The increase in force achieved by a hydraulic system.

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Mechanical Advantage Formula

The ratio of output force to input force in a hydraulic system.

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Pressure (Hydraulic)

The amount of force applied to a specific area.

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Efficiency (Device)

A measure of how effectively a device helps a user.

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Effectiveness (Device)

A measure of how well a device performs its intended function.

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Function (Device)

The intended purpose or action of the device.

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Design (Device)

The physical form or structure of a device.

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Advances in Science (Technology)

New materials and scientific discoveries can lead to improved device design.

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Changes in Society (Technology)

Devices can make work easier, safer, and more affordable.

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Changes in Environment (Technology)

Environmental concerns drive the development of more efficient and sustainable technologies.

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Viscosity

The measure of how resistant a fluid is to flowing. High viscosity means it's thick and hard to flow (like honey), while low viscosity means it's thin and flows easily (like water).

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Buoyancy

The upward force exerted by a fluid on an object submerged in it. It's what makes things float.

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Density

The amount of mass per unit volume of a substance. A denser substance has more mass packed into a given space.

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Incline Plane

A simple machine consisting of a ramp that allows you to lift heavy loads using less force.

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Pulley

A simple machine consisting of a cable that moves on a wheel. Used for lifting or pulling.

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Wedge

A simple machine consisting of a wedge that is forced into an object to split it, lift it, or hold it in place.

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Complex Machine

A system of simple machines working together to perform a complex task. It's made up of multiple subsystems.

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Work

The amount of energy transferred when a force moves an object over a distance. It's calculated as force multiplied by distance.

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Hydraulic System

A fluid (like water or oil) under pressure being used to move or lift loads. The pressure is applied to a small area and transmitted equally throughout the system.

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Pascal's Law

The pressure exerted by a fluid is transmitted equally in all directions within a closed system. This means that if you increase the pressure in one part of the system, the pressure increases everywhere else in the system.

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Study Notes

WHMIS

  • WHMIS stands for Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System
  • Used to identify hazardous materials and how to handle them
  • Presented through signs indicating the dangers of a substance or product

Matter

  • Everything is composed of tiny particles
  • All particles within a substance are identical
  • Particles have spaces between them
  • Particles are constantly moving
  • Particles attract each other

Classification of Matter

  • Matter is classified into pure substances and mixtures
  • Pure substances are further divided into compounds and elements
  • Mixtures are categorized into heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures
  • Homogeneous mixtures are a type of solution
  • Heterogeneous mixtures include mechanical mixtures, colloids, and suspensions

Solutions

  • A solution is formed by dissolving one substance in another
  • Dissolving occurs due to attractions between particles
  • Solvent dissolves the solute to form a solution
  • Soluble means able to dissolve, insoluble means unable to dissolve
  • Water is a universal solvent, dissolving many materials
  • Factors affecting dissolving: agitation, temperature, particle size
  • Unsaturated: less than maximum solute
  • Saturated: maximum solute
  • Supersaturated: more than maximum solute at a specific temperature

Concentration

  • Measures the amount of solute in a solvent
  • There's a maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a solvent

Density

  • Measures how much mass is packed into a specific volume
  • Solids are tightly packed, liquids loosely, gases widely (exceptions exist)
  • Density decreases with increasing temperature, and increases with decreasing temperature
  • Formula: Density (d) = Mass (m) / Volume (v)

Viscosity

  • Measures a fluid's resistance to flow
  • High viscosity: thick, flows slowly
  • Low viscosity: thin, flows easily
  • Viscosity depends on the attractive forces between particles
  • Viscosity of liquids decreases with increasing temperature, and increases with decreasing temperature, the inverse applies in the case of gas

Buoyancy

  • Upward force exerted by a fluid, opposing gravity
  • Objects float if buoyant force exceeds gravity, sink if gravity exceeds buoyant force
  • Density of the fluid affects buoyant force
  • Density of a fluid, increases with increased density

Separating Mixtures

  • Mechanical sorting: physically separating materials
  • Evaporation: separating soluble solids from liquids
  • Filtration: separating insoluble solids from liquids
  • Chromatography: separating components based on different movement rates in a solvent
  • Simple distillation: separating a solvent from a solution
  • Fractional distillation: separating different liquids from a mixture

Simple Machines

  • Inclined plane: ramp to lift loads with less force
  • Screw: cylinder with a spiral groove
  • Pulley: cable moving on a wheel
  • Wedge: inclined plane forced into an object
  • Wheel and axle: two wheels (different diameters) turning together
  • Lever (3 classes): Class 1 (fulcrum in the middle), Class 2 (load in the middle), Class 3 (effort in the middle)

Complex Machines

  • Systems of simple machines performing a task together
  • System: group of machines/devices completing a task
  • Subsystem: individual device within a system with a specific function
  • Mechanical devices: subsystems that transfer energy/power

The Science of Work

  • Work depends on force and distance (in the direction of force)
  • Work = Force x Distance
  • Energy and work are closely related, without energy there's no work
  • Machines don't reduce the amount of work, just the force needed

Efficiency

  • How well a device performs the desired task/outcome
  • Efficiency = (Work output / Work input) x 100%

Hydraulics

  • Hydraulic systems use liquid pressure to move loads
  • Increase mechanical advantage, allows for small forces to have large effects
  • Input piston applies pressure to fluid, output piston transfers pressure
  • Pascal’s Law: Pressure applied in an enclosed fluid is transmitted throughout
  • Mechanical advantage (MA) = Output force / Input force
  • Pressure = Force / Area
  • Work = Force x Distance

Mechanical Devices

  • Efficiency: effectiveness, speed, and ease of use
  • Effectiveness: desired outcome
  • Function: purpose/task
  • Design: physical form
  • Technology development driven by advances in science, societal changes (easier work, safer/cheaper), and environmental factors (vehicles efficiency)

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Description

This quiz covers key concepts in chemistry related to the classification of matter, including pure substances and mixtures. It also introduces WHMIS, the system used to identify hazardous materials in the workplace. Test your understanding of these fundamental principles!

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