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Questions and Answers
What occurs when an atom gains an electron?
What occurs when an atom gains an electron?
- It becomes negatively charged (correct)
- It becomes a molecule
- It becomes positively charged
- It neutralizes
Water is a polar molecule due to the unequal sharing of electrons between hydrogen and oxygen.
Water is a polar molecule due to the unequal sharing of electrons between hydrogen and oxygen.
True (A)
What is the term for the attraction between two water molecules?
What is the term for the attraction between two water molecules?
Cohesion
The process by which water evaporates from a leaf and pulls the water column up the vessel is known as __________.
The process by which water evaporates from a leaf and pulls the water column up the vessel is known as __________.
Match the following properties of water with their descriptions:
Match the following properties of water with their descriptions:
How many hydrogen bonds can a single water molecule form?
How many hydrogen bonds can a single water molecule form?
Covalent bonds involve the attraction between positively and negatively charged regions on different molecules.
Covalent bonds involve the attraction between positively and negatively charged regions on different molecules.
Explain why water has a high specific heat.
Explain why water has a high specific heat.
What is the charge of a proton?
What is the charge of a proton?
Ionic bonds are formed through the sharing of electrons between atoms.
Ionic bonds are formed through the sharing of electrons between atoms.
What are the three subatomic particles that compose an atom?
What are the three subatomic particles that compose an atom?
A __________ is an atom that has a charge due to losing or gaining electrons.
A __________ is an atom that has a charge due to losing or gaining electrons.
Match the following types of bonds with their characteristics:
Match the following types of bonds with their characteristics:
Which of the following is an example of a covalent bond?
Which of the following is an example of a covalent bond?
Molecules are a specific type of compound formed by ionic bonds.
Molecules are a specific type of compound formed by ionic bonds.
Sodium chloride (salt) is an example of an __________ bond.
Sodium chloride (salt) is an example of an __________ bond.
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Study Notes
Gaining an Electron
- When an atom gains an electron, it becomes negatively charged.
- This occurs because the atom now has more electrons than protons.
Water Molecule Properties
- Water is a polar molecule due to the unequal sharing of electrons between hydrogen and oxygen atoms.
- Oxygen is more electronegative, attracting electrons and creating a partial negative charge.
- Hydrogen atoms have a partial positive charge.
Hydrogen Bonding
- The attraction between two water molecules is called a hydrogen bond.
- This occurs because the partial positive charge on a hydrogen atom of one water molecule is attracted to the partial negative charge on the oxygen atom of another water molecule.
Cohesion and Transpiration
- The process by which water evaporates from a leaf and pulls the water column up the vessel is called transpiration.
- Water molecules stick together, creating cohesive forces that aid in drawing water upwards.
Properties of Water
- A single water molecule can form up to four hydrogen bonds.
- Water has a high specific heat due to the hydrogen bonds that hold water molecules together.
- This requires a lot of energy to break these bonds and raise the temperature of water.
Atomic Structure
- The three subatomic particles that compose an atom are protons, neutrons, and electrons.
- Protons carry a positive charge, neutrons are neutral, and electrons carry a negative charge.
Ions
- An ion is an atom that has a charge due to losing or gaining electrons.
- Cations are positively charged ions, formed by losing electrons.
- Anions are negatively charged ions, formed by gaining electrons.
Chemical Bonding
- Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms.
- This creates a strong bond between the atoms.
- Ionic bonds are formed through the attraction between oppositely charged ions.
- One atom loses electrons, becoming positively charged, while the other gains electrons, becoming negatively charged.
Examples
- Water (H2O) is an example of a covalent bond.
- Sodium chloride (NaCl) is an example of an ionic bond.
- Molecules are not specifically formed by ionic bonds; they are formed by covalent bonds.
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