Chemistry Quiz: Matter and Bonding
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Chemistry Quiz: Matter and Bonding

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Questions and Answers

What occurs when an atom gains an electron?

  • It becomes negatively charged (correct)
  • It becomes a molecule
  • It becomes positively charged
  • It neutralizes

    • Water is a polar molecule due to the unequal sharing of electrons between hydrogen and oxygen.

    True

    What is the term for the attraction between two water molecules?

    Cohesion

    The process by which water evaporates from a leaf and pulls the water column up the vessel is known as __________.

    <p>transpiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following properties of water with their descriptions:

    <p>Cohesion = Attraction between the same type of molecules Adhesion = Attraction between different types of molecules Surface Tension = Ability of water to support small objects on its surface Heat of Vaporization = Amount of energy required to convert water from liquid to gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many hydrogen bonds can a single water molecule form?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Covalent bonds involve the attraction between positively and negatively charged regions on different molecules.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain why water has a high specific heat.

    <p>Water has a high specific heat because it requires a large amount of energy to change its temperature, due to hydrogen bonding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the charge of a proton?

    <p>Positive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ionic bonds are formed through the sharing of electrons between atoms.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three subatomic particles that compose an atom?

    <p>Protons, neutrons, and electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A __________ is an atom that has a charge due to losing or gaining electrons.

    <p>ion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of bonds with their characteristics:

    <p>Covalent bond = Atoms share electrons Ionic bond = Attraction between oppositely charged atoms Van der Waals bond = Weak attractive forces between regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a covalent bond?

    <p>O2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Molecules are a specific type of compound formed by ionic bonds.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sodium chloride (salt) is an example of an __________ bond.

    <p>ionic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Gaining an Electron

    • When an atom gains an electron, it becomes negatively charged.
    • This occurs because the atom now has more electrons than protons.

    Water Molecule Properties

    • Water is a polar molecule due to the unequal sharing of electrons between hydrogen and oxygen atoms.
    • Oxygen is more electronegative, attracting electrons and creating a partial negative charge.
    • Hydrogen atoms have a partial positive charge.

    Hydrogen Bonding

    • The attraction between two water molecules is called a hydrogen bond.
    • This occurs because the partial positive charge on a hydrogen atom of one water molecule is attracted to the partial negative charge on the oxygen atom of another water molecule.

    Cohesion and Transpiration

    • The process by which water evaporates from a leaf and pulls the water column up the vessel is called transpiration.
    • Water molecules stick together, creating cohesive forces that aid in drawing water upwards.

    Properties of Water

    • A single water molecule can form up to four hydrogen bonds.
    • Water has a high specific heat due to the hydrogen bonds that hold water molecules together.
    • This requires a lot of energy to break these bonds and raise the temperature of water.

    Atomic Structure

    • The three subatomic particles that compose an atom are protons, neutrons, and electrons.
    • Protons carry a positive charge, neutrons are neutral, and electrons carry a negative charge.

    Ions

    • An ion is an atom that has a charge due to losing or gaining electrons.
    • Cations are positively charged ions, formed by losing electrons.
    • Anions are negatively charged ions, formed by gaining electrons.

    Chemical Bonding

    • Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms.
    • This creates a strong bond between the atoms.
    • Ionic bonds are formed through the attraction between oppositely charged ions.
    • One atom loses electrons, becoming positively charged, while the other gains electrons, becoming negatively charged.

    Examples

    • Water (H2O) is an example of a covalent bond.
    • Sodium chloride (NaCl) is an example of an ionic bond.
    • Molecules are not specifically formed by ionic bonds; they are formed by covalent bonds.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the building blocks of matter and the types of chemical bonds. Questions will cover atoms, protons, neutrons, and the different bonding types including covalent, ionic, and Van der Waals bonds. Explore the unique properties of water as a polar molecule.

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