Chemistry Quiz: Elements and Their Properties
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Questions and Answers

What is the chemical symbol for Nitrogen?

  • O
  • Na
  • N (correct)
  • Ne

An element can be divided into simpler substances through chemical processes.

False (B)

What is the smallest particle of an element called?

Atom

The chemical symbol for Helium is _____

<p>He</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the elements with their chemical symbols:

<p>Hydrogen = H Boron = B Calcium = Ca Oxygen = O</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relative charge of a neutron?

<p>0 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dimitri Mendeleev arranged the periodic table solely by increasing atomic number.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is located in the nucleus of an atom?

<p>Protons and Neutrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a vertical column of the periodic table, elements share the same number of electrons in their ______.

<p>valence shell</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>Proton = Subatomic particle with a positive charge Electron = Subatomic particle with a negative charge Mass Number = Total number of protons and neutrons in an atom Atomic Number = Number of protons in an atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of measure for radiation?

<p>Seivert (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The RAM of an element is defined as its average mass compared to the mass of one atom of helium.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the RAM of chlorine?

<p>35.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

The average mass of a molecule compared to the mass of one atom of carbon-12 is called ______.

<p>RMM</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bonding occurs only between metals?

<p>Metallic bonding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Covalent bonding can occur between metals.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is formed when two or more atoms bond together?

<p>a metal, compound, or molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

_______ bonding occurs between nonmetals only.

<p>Covalent</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of bonding with their characteristics:

<p>Metallic bonding = Occurs in metals with a sea of mobile electrons Ionic bonding = Occurs between metals and nonmetals Covalent bonding = Formed between nonmetals or metalloids and nonmetals Electrovalent bonding = Another term for ionic bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond occurs between metals and nonmetals?

<p>Ionic Bond (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A molecule can consist of atoms of the same element.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to metals during ionic bonding?

<p>Metals lose valence shell electrons to form cations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an ionic compound, sodium and oxygen combine to form Naâ‚‚______.

<p>O</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the law of triads formulated by Johann Dobereiner state?

<p>Certain groups of 3 elements have similar chemical properties. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Isotopes of an element have different atomic numbers, but the same mass number.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one radioactive isotope used to destroy cancer cells.

<p>Cobalt-60</p> Signup and view all the answers

The three types of radiation are α-particles, β-particles, and _____

<p>γ-rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following isotopes with their uses:

<p>Uranium-235 = To generate electricity Plutonium-238 = To power heart pacemakers Carbon-14 = To calculate age of fossils Iodine-131 = To treat thyroid problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Atomic Number

The number of protons in an atom's nucleus.

Mass Number

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.

Electron Shells

Areas of likely electron location around the nucleus.

Proton

Positively charged subatomic particle in the nucleus.

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Group

Vertical column of elements in the periodic table, similar electron valence.

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What's an atom?

The smallest part of an element that retains its properties.

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What's an element?

A pure substance made of one type of atom.

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What is Hydrogen's symbol?

H

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What is Helium's symbol?

He

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What is Lithium's symbol?

Li

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What is chemical bonding?

The formation of a chemical bond between two or more atoms, which holds them together in a molecule, compound, or metal.

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Types of bonding

There are three main types of bonding: metallic, ionic (electrovalent), and covalent.

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Metallic bonding

Occurs only between metal atoms, where a 'sea' of mobile electrons holds the positively charged atoms together.

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Covalent bonding

Occurs between nonmetals, or between a metalloid and a nonmetal, to form a molecule.

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Ionic bonding

Occurs between a metal and a nonmetal, involving the transfer of electrons.

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What does a mass spectrometer do?

A mass spectrometer measures the mass-to-charge ratio of ions. It's like a scale for atoms and molecules, helping us understand their composition.

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What is a Sievert?

The Sievert (Sv) is the unit of measurement for radiation dose. It tells us how much energy from radiation is absorbed by the body.

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What is RAM?

RAM (Relative Atomic Mass) is the average mass of an element compared to carbon-12. It tells us how much one atom of that element weighs.

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What is RMM?

RMM (Relative Molecular Mass) is the average mass of a molecule compared to carbon-12. It's the sum of all the RAMs of atoms in the molecule.

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How do you calculate RAM?

Calculate RAM by weighting the abundance of isotopes of an element. Multiply the mass of each isotope by its percentage abundance, then add them together.

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What is a compound?

A substance made up of two or more different elements chemically bonded together, in a fixed ratio. The result is a new substance with properties different from the original elements.

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What is a molecule?

A group of atoms held together by covalent bonds. These bonds are strong enough that the molecule can exist as an independent unit.

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What are homatomic molecules?

Molecules that are composed of the same type of atom.

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Law of Triads

A scientific rule stating that groups of three elements with similar chemical properties have atomic masses that follow a pattern.

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What did Dobereiner discover?

Johann Dobereiner identified a relationship between the atomic mass and chemical properties of elements. He organized elements into triads.

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Isotope

Atoms of the same element that have the same atomic number but different mass numbers due to variations in the number of neutrons.

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Radioactive Isotope

An isotope that undergoes radioactive decay, emitting radiation as its nucleus transitions to a more stable state.

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Types of Radiation

Radioactive decay can release three main types of radiation: alpha particles (α), beta particles (β), and gamma rays (γ).

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Study Notes

Atomic Structure

  • Atoms are the smallest particles of an element that retain the properties of that element
  • Element - A pure substance that cannot be divided into any simpler substances by any chemical process
  • Atomic number (Z) = Number of protons
  • Number of electrons = Atomic number
  • Mass number (A) = Number of protons + Number of neutrons
  • Number of neutrons = Mass number - Atomic number

Subatomic Particles

  • Proton - Positive charge, Relative mass 1
  • Electron - Negative charge, Relative mass 0
  • Neutron - Neutral charge, Relative mass 1

Groups and Periods

  • Group - A vertical column that contains elements with the same number of electrons in the valence or outermost shell.
  • Period - A horizontal row that contains elements with the same number of electron shells.

Periodic Table

  • Dmitri Mendeleev - Organized the periodic table
  • Identified patterns.
  • Predicted properties.
  • Classified similar elements.
  • Withstood the test of time.
  • Listed elements in order of increasing atomic mass.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the periodic table and chemical symbols with this engaging chemistry quiz. You'll find questions about atoms, bonding, and the properties of elements. Perfect for students learning about chemistry fundamentals.

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