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Questions and Answers
What is the nature of an aqueous solution of borax?
What is the nature of an aqueous solution of borax?
- Basic
- Acidic
- Amphoteric (correct)
- Neutral
Why is boric acid polymeric?
Why is boric acid polymeric?
- Due to its geometry
- Due to its monobasic nature
- Due to its acidic nature
- Due to the presence of hydrogen bonds (correct)
What is the type of hybridization of boron in diborane?
What is the type of hybridization of boron in diborane?
- sp3
- dsp2
- sp2
- sp (correct)
What is the thermodynamically most stable form of carbon?
What is the thermodynamically most stable form of carbon?
What oxidation states do elements of group 14 exhibit?
What oxidation states do elements of group 14 exhibit?
What is the product formed when RSiCl3 is used as the starting material for the manufacture of silicones?
What is the product formed when RSiCl3 is used as the starting material for the manufacture of silicones?
What is the primary occurrence of boron in nature?
What is the primary occurrence of boron in nature?
What is another name for Na2B4O7·10H2O?
What is another name for Na2B4O7·10H2O?
Where is borax commonly found in India?
Where is borax commonly found in India?
What is the chemical formula for kernite?
What is the chemical formula for kernite?
What is the primary use of borax?
What is the primary use of borax?
What is H3BO3 also known as?
What is H3BO3 also known as?
What is the common occurrence of boron in nature?
What is the common occurrence of boron in nature?
What is the pH of borax?
What is the pH of borax?
What is the percentage of boron in the earth's crust by mass?
What is the percentage of boron in the earth's crust by mass?
What is the most abundant metal in the earth's crust?
What is the most abundant metal in the earth's crust?
What is the formula of the mineral cryolite?
What is the formula of the mineral cryolite?
What is the percentage of silicon in the earth's crust by mass?
What is the percentage of silicon in the earth's crust by mass?
What is the formula of bauxite?
What is the formula of bauxite?
What is the oxidation state of boron in its compounds?
What is the oxidation state of boron in its compounds?
What is the percentage of oxygen in the earth's crust by mass?
What is the percentage of oxygen in the earth's crust by mass?
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Study Notes
Group 13 Elements: The Boron Family
- Boron is a typical non-metal, while aluminium is a metal, but shows many chemical similarities to boron.
- Gallium, indium, and thallium are almost exclusively metallic in character.
- Boron is a fairly rare element, mainly occurring as orthoboric acid, borax, and kernite.
- Borax occurs in Puga Valley (Ladakh) and Sambhar Lake (Rajasthan) in India.
- The abundance of boron in the earth's crust is less than 0.0001% by mass.
- There are two isotopic forms of boron: B (19%) and B (81%).
Properties of Boron Compounds
- An aqueous solution of borax is basic.
- Boric acid is polymeric due to the presence of hydrogen bonds.
- The type of hybridisation of boron in diborane is sp2.
Group 14 Elements: The Carbon Family
- The most stable form of carbon is graphite thermodynamically.
- Elements of group 14 exhibit oxidation states of +4 and +2.
- Carbon exhibits negative oxidation states.
- Carbon forms two important oxides: CO (neutral) and CO2 (acidic).
- Carbon monoxide has a lone pair of electrons on C and forms metal carbonyls.
- Carbon is poisonous due to the higher stability of its haemoglobin complex compared to that of oxyhaemoglobin complex.
Other Key Facts
- Aluminium is the most abundant metal and the third most abundant element in the earth's crust after oxygen and silicon.
- Bauxite, Al2O3. 2H2O, and cryolite, Na3AlF6, are important minerals of aluminium.
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