16 Questions
What type of salt is formed by the combination of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution?
Sodium chloride
What is the pH value of salts of a strong acid and a strong base?
7
What is the process called when electricity is passed through an aqueous solution of sodium chloride?
Chlor-alkali process
How are beds of rock salt formed?
When seas of bygone ages dried up
What is the anode product in the chlor-alkali process?
Chlorine gas
What is the product formed near the cathode in the chlor-alkali process?
Sodium hydroxide solution
What is the common use of sodium hydroxide?
It is used to make various daily use products such as baking soda, washing soda, and bleaching powder
What is the equation for the chlor-alkali process?
2NaCl(aq) + 2H2O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + Cl2(g) + H2(g)
What is the chemical name of baking soda?
Sodium hydrogencarbonate (NaHCO3)
What are the three main uses of bleaching powder?
Bleaching cotton and linen, as an oxidising agent in chemical industries, and to make drinking water germ-free.
What happens when baking soda is heated during cooking?
It decomposes to form sodium carbonate, water, and carbon dioxide.
What is the role of baking soda in baking powder?
It reacts with an acid to produce carbon dioxide, causing the dough to rise.
How does sodium hydrogencarbonate provide relief in antacids?
It neutralises excess acid in the stomach.
What is the chemical formula of washing soda?
Na2CO3.10H2O
How is washing soda obtained from baking soda?
Through heating and recrystallisation of sodium carbonate.
What is the common feature of baking soda and washing soda?
Both are basic salts.
Study Notes
Salts of Acids and Bases
- Salts of a strong acid and a strong base are neutral with a pH value of 7.
- Salts of a strong acid and weak base are acidic with a pH value less than 7.
- Salts of a strong base and weak acid are basic in nature with a pH value more than 7.
Sodium Chloride (Common Salt)
- Sodium chloride is formed by the combination of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution.
- It is a neutral salt and is commonly used in food.
- Deposits of solid salt (rock salt) are found in several parts of the world, often brown due to impurities.
- Rock salt is mined like coal and is separated from seawater.
Uses of Sodium Chloride
- Sodium chloride is an important raw material for various chemicals.
- It is used to produce sodium hydroxide, baking soda, washing soda, bleaching powder, and many more.
Sodium Hydroxide
- Sodium hydroxide is produced through the chlor-alkali process, where electricity is passed through an aqueous solution of sodium chloride (brine).
- The process forms sodium hydroxide, chlorine gas, and hydrogen gas.
- Sodium hydroxide solution is formed near the cathode.
Uses of Sodium Hydroxide
- Chlorine gas is used for bleaching cotton and linen, wood pulp, and washed clothes.
- Chlorine gas is used as an oxidizing agent in many chemical industries.
- Chlorine gas is used to make drinking water free from germs.
Baking Soda (Sodium Hydrogencarbonate)
- Baking soda is commonly used in the kitchen for making tasty crispy pakoras.
- It is produced using sodium chloride as one of the raw materials.
- Baking soda is a mild non-corrosive basic salt.
Uses of Baking Soda
- It is used to make baking powder, which is a mixture of baking soda and a mild edible acid.
- It is used as an ingredient in antacids to neutralize excess acid in the stomach.
- It is used in soda-acid fire extinguishers.
Washing Soda (Sodium Carbonate)
- Washing soda is obtained from sodium chloride and is also a basic salt.
- It is produced through the recrystallization of sodium carbonate.
- It is used in various applications, including laundry and cleaning.
Understand the pH values of salts formed from strong acids and bases, and weak acids and bases. Learn about the properties of sodium chloride and its uses.
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