Acid-Base Chemistry: pH of Salts
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Questions and Answers

What type of salt is formed by the combination of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution?

Sodium chloride

What is the pH value of salts of a strong acid and a strong base?

7

What is the process called when electricity is passed through an aqueous solution of sodium chloride?

Chlor-alkali process

How are beds of rock salt formed?

<p>When seas of bygone ages dried up</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the anode product in the chlor-alkali process?

<p>Chlorine gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the product formed near the cathode in the chlor-alkali process?

<p>Sodium hydroxide solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common use of sodium hydroxide?

<p>It is used to make various daily use products such as baking soda, washing soda, and bleaching powder</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for the chlor-alkali process?

<p>2NaCl(aq) + 2H2O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + Cl2(g) + H2(g)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical name of baking soda?

<p>Sodium hydrogencarbonate (NaHCO3)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main uses of bleaching powder?

<p>Bleaching cotton and linen, as an oxidising agent in chemical industries, and to make drinking water germ-free.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when baking soda is heated during cooking?

<p>It decomposes to form sodium carbonate, water, and carbon dioxide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of baking soda in baking powder?

<p>It reacts with an acid to produce carbon dioxide, causing the dough to rise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does sodium hydrogencarbonate provide relief in antacids?

<p>It neutralises excess acid in the stomach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula of washing soda?

<p>Na2CO3.10H2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is washing soda obtained from baking soda?

<p>Through heating and recrystallisation of sodium carbonate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common feature of baking soda and washing soda?

<p>Both are basic salts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Salts of Acids and Bases

  • Salts of a strong acid and a strong base are neutral with a pH value of 7.
  • Salts of a strong acid and weak base are acidic with a pH value less than 7.
  • Salts of a strong base and weak acid are basic in nature with a pH value more than 7.

Sodium Chloride (Common Salt)

  • Sodium chloride is formed by the combination of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution.
  • It is a neutral salt and is commonly used in food.
  • Deposits of solid salt (rock salt) are found in several parts of the world, often brown due to impurities.
  • Rock salt is mined like coal and is separated from seawater.

Uses of Sodium Chloride

  • Sodium chloride is an important raw material for various chemicals.
  • It is used to produce sodium hydroxide, baking soda, washing soda, bleaching powder, and many more.

Sodium Hydroxide

  • Sodium hydroxide is produced through the chlor-alkali process, where electricity is passed through an aqueous solution of sodium chloride (brine).
  • The process forms sodium hydroxide, chlorine gas, and hydrogen gas.
  • Sodium hydroxide solution is formed near the cathode.

Uses of Sodium Hydroxide

  • Chlorine gas is used for bleaching cotton and linen, wood pulp, and washed clothes.
  • Chlorine gas is used as an oxidizing agent in many chemical industries.
  • Chlorine gas is used to make drinking water free from germs.

Baking Soda (Sodium Hydrogencarbonate)

  • Baking soda is commonly used in the kitchen for making tasty crispy pakoras.
  • It is produced using sodium chloride as one of the raw materials.
  • Baking soda is a mild non-corrosive basic salt.

Uses of Baking Soda

  • It is used to make baking powder, which is a mixture of baking soda and a mild edible acid.
  • It is used as an ingredient in antacids to neutralize excess acid in the stomach.
  • It is used in soda-acid fire extinguishers.

Washing Soda (Sodium Carbonate)

  • Washing soda is obtained from sodium chloride and is also a basic salt.
  • It is produced through the recrystallization of sodium carbonate.
  • It is used in various applications, including laundry and cleaning.

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Description

Understand the pH values of salts formed from strong acids and bases, and weak acids and bases. Learn about the properties of sodium chloride and its uses.

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