Chemistry Quiz: Acids, Bases, and Bonding
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Questions and Answers

What is the simplest formula for the oxide of the hypothetical element X, given that it combines with 32.0 g of oxygen from 50.0 g of X?

  • XO2 (correct)
  • X2O
  • XO4
  • X2O3

    • How many iodine atoms are present in one molecule of the amino acid that has a molar mass of 776.9 g·mol–1 and contains 65.34% iodine by mass?

  • one
  • three
  • four (correct)
  • five

    • What is the percentage of silver in a 6.80 g coin that produced 6.21 g of AgCl when dissolved in nitric acid?

  • 75.3% (correct)
  • 68.7%
  • 24.7%
  • 91.3%

    • Given the plotted data, what is the most likely simplest formula for the compound formed from the reaction of A and B?

    <p>AB2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of nickel in a 17.0 g sample of metal that produces 6.25 L of Ni(CO)4 gas when reacting with CO?

    <p>25.0%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule has the greatest bond energy among the following?

    <p>H—F</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For which process is the entropy change per mole the largest at constant temperature?

    <p>H2O(s) → H2O(g)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the reaction producing AgCl, which ion is directly responsible for silver precipitation?

    <p>Cl−</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the Ba(OH)2 solution when H2SO4 is added?

    <p>Ions are removed from the solution by the formation of water and insoluble BaSO4.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of ions can coexist in moderate concentration in a water solution?

    <p>K+, Cl–, Na+, NO3–</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mixture will not yield hydrogen gas?

    <p>Zinc and concentrated nitric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What assumption must be made to conclude that an unknown solution contains magnesium ions based on precipitate formation?

    <p>Mg(OH)2 is insoluble in water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule describes an sp hybridized central atom?

    <p>HCN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What implication is made by the bonding structures of sulfur dioxide?

    <p>An electron pair in SO2 alternates between sulfur–oxygen bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the formation of a white precipitate when NaOH is added to a solution?

    <p>Only magnesium or zinc ions can yield a white precipitate with NaOH.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when the electric lamp in a circuit with the solution becomes dim and then bright again upon adding H2SO4?

    <p>The concentration of ions fluctuates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the effect of adding a catalyst to a chemical reaction?

    <p>A catalyst reduces the activation energy for a reaction and increases the rate of a reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which procedure is least likely to lower the activation energy for a reaction?

    <p>Increasing the reactant concentrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is not typical of ionic substances?

    <p>They partake in fast reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the addition of a catalyst affect the equilibrium of a reaction?

    <p>It provides an alternate pathway with a different activation energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas has the strongest intermolecular forces?

    <p>H2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the density of the gas at 0.855 atm and 25.0 °C if the density is 1.96 g·L–1 at 1.00 atm and 0 °C?

    <p>1.54 g·L–1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the behavior of a catalyst?

    <p>It alters the mechanism of the reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a 1200 mL sample of helium gas at 350 mmHg and 300 K is adjusted to 700 mmHg and 400 K, what will be its new volume?

    <p>1650 mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In electrical conduction in metals, which factor is primarily responsible?

    <p>Movement of valence electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pressure of the gas in the bulb if the mercury heights are 120 mm and 100 mm?

    <p>740 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of using a triple beam balance sensitive to 0.01 g when determining mass?

    <p>Mass can be determined to the hundredth of a gram.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the volume of a nitrogen gas sample is doubled and the absolute temperature is tripled, what will be the new pressure?

    <p>6.0 P</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the mass of the enclosed mixture is true during an experiment?

    <p>The mass remains constant within experimental errors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When equal volumes of 0.1 M HCl and NaOH are mixed, how does the total number of ions change?

    <p>Twice as great as before mixing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Oxygen (O2) and ozone (O3) are classified as which type of substances?

    <p>Allotropes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which instrument directly determines the relative masses of atoms?

    <p>Mass spectrograph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mass of copper deposited from a Cu2+ solution when the same amount of electric charge that deposits 2.159 g of silver is used?

    <p>1.97 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ions are present in the solution of a nickel salt if 39.2 g of nickel is plated out using 2 Faradays?

    <p>Ni2+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes chemical equilibrium?

    <p>Reactant molecules are forming products as fast as product molecules are reacting to form reactants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the pressure in the reaction 2X(g) + Y(g) ⇌ 2Z(g) is doubled, what would be the expected effect on the yield of Z?

    <p>The yield of Z will increase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ion would yield the greatest mass when reduced to a metal with one coulomb?

    <p>Cu2+(aq)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the concentration of CE when AE is added in the equilibrium reaction AE + CD ⇌ CE + AD + x kJ?

    <p>Increases the concentration of CE but not of AD.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would occur if the escape of some AD by volatilization happens in the equilibrium reaction?

    <p>The concentration of CE increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Given the molar mass of Ag and Cu, determine the mass of copper that can be deposited if 2.159 g of silver is deposited from an Ag+ solution?

    <p>1.97 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under which conditions does nitrogen have the largest entropy per mole?

    <p>N2(g) at 80 K and 1 atm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which process is entropy decreased?

    <p>Freezing water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reaction has the largest positive entropy change per mole of product formed?

    <p>H2O(l) → H2O(g)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process would typically result in the greatest increase in entropy?

    <p>Dissolving a solid in a solvent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does temperature have on the entropy of a substance?

    <p>Higher temperature generally increases entropy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a process with a negative change in system entropy?

    <p>A gas is compressed into a smaller volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reaction is likely to have a small or negative entropy change?

    <p>C(s) + O2(g) → CO2(g)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Choosing the gaseous state would result in which of the following?

    <p>Higher entropy than the liquid state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Acids & Bases

    • Lewis acid-base reaction: Not all reactions involve the donation of a hydrogen ion. Some involve the donation of electron pairs.
    • Lewis acid: Accepts a pair of electrons.
    • Lewis base: Donates a pair of electrons.

    Atomic Structure

    • Magnesium vs. Magnesium Ion (Mg2+): The magnesium ion has a more stable electron arrangement, a smaller positive charge on the nucleus, and two fewer planetary electrons than the magnesium atom.

    • Atomic Symbol: The symbol ₁₄₈Px indicates the number of protons, not the number of electrons or neutrons.

    • Atomic Mass & Number: The atomic mass (32.07 u) is the sum of protons & neutrons and the number is the total number of protons.

    Bonding

    • Covalent Bonding: A covalent bond is formed when two atoms share their electrons.
    • Elements likely to form covalent bonds: Elements with similar electronegativities are more likely to form covalent bonds.

    Electrochemistry

    • Chromium plating: The passage of 19,300 coulombs will result in a certain amount of Chromium being plated.

    Equilibrium

    • Chemical Equilibrium: Equilibrium occurs when the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction.

    Formulas & Equations

    • Combustion of ZnS: The balanced equation for the combustion of ZnS in excess oxygen is ? ZnS + ? O₂ → ? ZnO + ? S₈

    • Equation balancing: Ensure the number of atoms of each element is identical on both sides of the equation.

    Gases

    • Gas pressure: The pressure in the gas bulb can be calculated by determining the difference in the heights of mercury in the U-tube.

    Stoichiometry

    • Combining elements: A certain amount of “X” reacts with a certain amount of oxygen, forming an oxide of X with a certain formula.

    Thermodynamics

    • Entropy: Entropy is the measure of disorder or randomness in a system.

    Kinetics

    • Catalyst effects: Catalysts decrease the activation energy, which increases the rate of a reaction.

    Periodic Properties

    • Isoelectronic ions: Comparing sizes of ions with the same number of electrons.

    Molecular Geometry

    • Dipole moments: Determining which molecules have the largest dipole moment (e.g., bent shape vs. linear).

    Oxidation & Reduction

    • Oxidation numbers: Identifying changes in oxidation numbers during redox reactions.
    • Oxidizing and reducing agents: Identifying what is being oxidized and reduced in different chemical reactions.

    Thermochemistry

    • Bond energy: Determining which molecule has the greatest bond energy.

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    Related Documents

    UnOfficial ACS Practice Test 1 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on essential chemistry concepts such as acids and bases, atomic structure, and bonding. This quiz will challenge your understanding of Lewis acid-base reactions, covalent bonding, and key properties of atoms. Perfect for students preparing for exams in chemistry.

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