Questions and Answers
Which of the following reactions produces hydrochloric acid?
Non-volatile acids can displace volatile acids when heated with salts of more volatile acids.
True
What type of acids do acidic oxides form when they dissolve in water?
Acids such as carbonic acid, sulphurous acid, sulphuric acid, and phosphoric acid.
The reaction of sodium with oxygen produces a __________.
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Match the following reactions with the type of product they form:
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Study Notes
Preparation of Acids
Acids from Non-Metals
- Formation of acids occurs when non-metals react with hydrogen.
- Examples include:
- Hydrogen + Chlorine → Hydrogen chloride (HCl)
- Hydrogen + Iodine → Hydrogen iodide (HI)
Acids from Acidic Oxides
- Acidic oxides react with water to produce corresponding acids.
- Key reactions include:
- Carbon dioxide + Water → Carbonic acid (H₂CO₃)
- Sulfur dioxide + Water → Sulfurous acid (H₂SO₃)
- Sulfur trioxide + Water → Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄)
- Phosphorus pentoxide + Water → Phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄)
- Neutral oxides like carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NO) do not form acids with water.
Acids from Salts
- Non-volatile acids can displace volatile acids when heated with salts.
- Notable reactions include:
- Potassium nitrate + Sulfuric acid (below 200°C) → Potassium hydrogen sulfate + Nitric acid
- Sodium chloride + Sulfuric acid → Sulfuric acid + Water + Nitrogen dioxide
Preparation of Bases
Bases from Metals
- Basic oxides are produced when metals react with oxygen.
- Reactions include:
- Sodium + Oxygen → Sodium oxide (Na₂O)
- Magnesium + Oxygen → Magnesium oxide (MgO)
Bases from Basic Oxides
- Soluble basic oxides dissolve in water to form bases such as hydroxides.
- Examples:
- Potassium oxide + Water → Potassium hydroxide (KOH)
- Sodium oxide + Water → Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
- Active metals also generate bases when reacting with water:
- Potassium + Water → Potassium hydroxide + Hydrogen
- Sodium + Water → Sodium hydroxide + Hydrogen
Bases from Salts
- The reaction of strong base solutions with salts can precipitate metallic hydroxides.
- Example reactions:
- Aluminum chloride + Sodium hydroxide → Sodium chloride + Aluminum hydroxide (precipitate)
- Iron(II) sulfate + Sodium hydroxide → Sodium sulfate + Iron(II) hydroxide (precipitate)
Bases by Decomposition of Salts
- Heating specific carbonates or nitrates leads to the formation of basic oxides.
- Example decomposition:
- Lead(II) nitrate → Lead(II) oxide + Nitrogen dioxide + Oxygen
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Description
Test your knowledge on reactions that produce hydrochloric acid, the nature of acidic oxides, and the products formed from various reactions. This quiz covers key concepts in chemistry related to acids and reaction products. Challenge yourself with matching reactions to their resulting products.
