Chemistry Quick Revision: Atomic Structure & Classification of Elements

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Questions and Answers

Which property is not typically associated with metals?

Malleability and ductility

Good thermal conductivity

Brittleness (correct)

High melting and boiling points

Which type of element has a dull appearance and is a poor conductor of electricity?

Metals

Non-metals (correct)

Semi-metals

All of the above

Which subatomic particle has a relative mass of 1 and a positive electric charge?

Proton (correct)

Neutron

Electron

None of the above

Which property is typically associated with semi-metals?

They are good conductors of electricity Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the statement 'An atom is electrically neutral'?

To indicate that atoms have an equal number of protons and electrons Signup and view all the answers

Which subatomic particle has a negligible relative mass and a negative electric charge?

Electron Signup and view all the answers

What is the atomic number of lithium (Li)?

3 Signup and view all the answers

Which element has the atomic number 20?

Calcium (Ca) Signup and view all the answers

What is the sum of the first four ionization energies for beryllium (Be)?

242.2 Signup and view all the answers

Which group does fluorine (F) belong to?

Halogens Signup and view all the answers

What is the electronic configuration of potassium (K)?

1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 3d^10 4s^1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the atomic number (Z) and the number of protons in an atom?

The atomic number is equal to the number of protons in the atom. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the mass number (A) and the number of protons and neutrons in an atom?

The mass number is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the atom. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the atomic number (Z) and the number of electrons in a neutral atom?

The atomic number is always equal to the number of electrons in a neutral atom. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of isotopes?

Isotopes are different atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. Signup and view all the answers

How is the relative atomic mass of an element calculated?

The relative atomic mass is the average of the relative isotopic masses of all the naturally occurring isotopes, weighted by their relative abundances. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the relative isotopic mass and the mass number of an isotope?

The relative isotopic mass is roughly equal to the mass number. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Periodic Table

The modern periodic table is a tabular arrangement of elements, organized by their atomic number (number of protons), electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties.
Elements can be classified into metals, non-metals, and metalloids.

Atomic Structure

An atom is the smallest part of an element that has the chemical properties of that element.
Atoms are made up of three subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Protons have a relative mass of 1 and a positive charge, and are located inside the nucleus.
Neutrons have a relative mass of 1 and no charge, and are located inside the nucleus.
Electrons have a negligible mass and a negative charge, and move around the nucleus.
An atom is electrically neutral because the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons.

Atomic Number and Mass Number

Atomic number (Z) of an atom is equal to the number of protons in the atom.
Mass number (A) of an atom is equal to the number of protons + number of neutrons in the atom.
The atomic number (Z) and mass number (A) of an atom are usually shown in a full atomic symbol as: A Z X

Isotopes, Relative Isotopic Mass, and Relative Atomic Mass

Isotopes are different atoms of the same element, with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
The relative isotopic mass of an isotope is roughly equal to its mass number.
The relative atomic mass of an element is the weighted average of the relative isotopic masses of all the naturally occurring isotopes of that element on the 12C = 12.00 scale.

Properties of Metals and Non-Metals

Metals are typically solids (except mercury), have a shiny appearance, high melting and boiling points, and are good conductors of heat and electricity.
Non-metals are typically gases or solids, have a dull appearance, low melting and boiling points, and are poor conductors of heat and electricity.
Metalloids (semi-metals) have properties intermediate between metals and non-metals, examples include boron and silicon.

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Description

Quick revision notes on atomic structure and the classification of elements into metals, non-metals, and metalloids. Learn about typical differences in physical properties between metals and non-metals such as state at room temperature, appearance, melting point, and hardness.