Chemistry: Periodic Table Organization
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Questions and Answers

What are the two parts of every chemical reaction?

  • Reactants and products (correct)
  • Solids and liquids
  • Atoms and molecules
  • Gases and vapors

    • Which phase change process involves changing from a solid directly to a gas?

  • Deposition (correct)
  • Condensation
  • Evaporation
  • Sublimation

    • What happens to the phases at the critical point on a phase diagram?

  • Gas transforms into a liquid
  • Liquid changes into a solid
  • Vapor and liquid become indistinguishable (correct)
  • Solid turns directly into a gas

    • Which substance classification has a pH above 7?

    <p>Base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the pH of a solution change as the concentration of hydrogen ions increases?

    <p>pH decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do buffers play in maintaining optimal pH in the body?

    <p>Buffers resist changes in pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of substance is used in chemotherapy drugs to destroy cancerous cells?

    <p>Acidic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during melting?

    <p>Solid gains energy to become a liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do enzymes require a specific pH to function optimally?

    <p>To maintain their shape and activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of balancing a chemical equation?

    <p>To ensure the number of atoms for each element is equal on both sides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which law states that matter cannot be created or destroyed during a chemical reaction?

    <p>Law of Conservation of Matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should subscript numbers in a chemical equation not be changed?

    <p>To maintain the identity of the chemicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are coefficients used for in a chemical equation?

    <p>To balance the equation by adjusting the number of molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When balancing a chemical equation, which atoms should be balanced first according to the steps provided?

    <p>Atoms appearing in only a single molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of changing a word chemical equation into a formula?

    <p>To determine the number of molecules involved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to count the atoms on both sides of a balanced chemical equation?

    <p>To verify that mass is conserved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step in balancing a chemical equation involves balancing hydrogen and oxygen atoms?

    <p>Step 5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In balancing a chemical equation, what is an alternative method to achieve balance besides following step 2's order?

    <p>'Balance each atom one at a time' randomly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines both the properties and reactivity of an atom?

    <p>Number of valence electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is known as the 'Father of the Periodic Table'?

    <p>Dmitri Mendeleev</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most accurate way the modern periodic table is organized?

    <p>Number of protons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can you determine the amount of valence electrons in an atom?

    <p>Referencing the period number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to an atom when it gains electrons?

    <p>Becomes an anion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientist created an organization tool for elements called the Law of Triads?

    <p>Johann Dobereiner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the trend in atomic radius when moving from the top right toward the bottom left on the periodic table?

    <p>Increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Anions' are ions that have ___ compared to their parent atoms.

    <p>Larger atomic radii</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cations' are ions that have ___ compared to their parent atoms.

    <p>Smaller atomic radii</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do energy levels of an electron often coincide with?

    <p>Period number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the ionization energy as you move left to right in a period on the periodic table?

    <p>Increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor affecting ionization energy of an atom?

    <p>Number of protons in the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does electronegativity change as you move from the bottom left to the top right of the periodic table?

    <p>Increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of atoms tend to have higher ionization energy requirements?

    <p>Atoms with more protons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the number of protons in the nucleus influence ionization energy?

    <p>Increases ionization energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines whether an atom will gain or lose electrons during a chemical reaction?

    <p>Difference in electronegativity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do atoms at the top right of the periodic table compare to those at the bottom left in terms of pull on their electrons?

    <p>Stronger pull at the top right</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do atoms with more electrons tend to have lower ionization energy?

    <p>Because electrons cloud the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor that determines whether an atom will gain or lose electrons during a chemical reaction?

    <p>Number of valence electrons in the outermost energy level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What classification do atoms fall into based on their ionization energy?

    <p>Metals, nonmetals, or metalloids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the trend in atomic radius on the periodic table when moving from top right towards bottom left?

    <p>Increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientist created an organization tool for elements known as the Law of Octaves?

    <p>John Newlands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the behavior of an atom change based on the number of valence electrons it possesses?

    <p>It becomes more reactive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key information needed to determine the amount of valence electrons in an atom?

    <p>Group number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the ionic radius of an atom when it becomes a cation?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which law acknowledged the similarities in every eighth element in the periodic table?

    <p>&quot;Law of Octaves&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of electron configurations for atoms?

    <p>To describe where electrons are located within an atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of ion has a larger ionic radius compared to its parent atom?

    <p>Anion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What affects an atom's ionization energy?

    <p>The number of protons in the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the number of electron orbits around a nucleus affect ionization energy?

    <p>Decreases the ionization energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What trend is observed in ionization energy moving from top to bottom in a group on the periodic table?

    <p>Decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do atoms at the top right of the periodic table have higher ionization energy requirements?

    <p>Relatively more protons compared to their orbitals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor mainly determines whether an atom will gain or lose electrons?

    <p>Difference in electronegativity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do atoms with more electrons tend to have lower ionization energy?

    <p>Neutralize positively charged nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to an atom when it gains electrons?

    <p>Becomes an anion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do atoms at the top right of the periodic table have smaller atomic radii?

    <p>&quot;Tighter packing&quot; of electron orbits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does electronegativity change across periods on the periodic table?

    <p>&quot;Increases&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is influenced by both atomic radius and ionic radius?

    <p>Ionization energy requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main parts of every chemical reaction?

    <p>Reactants and products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a chemical reaction, what happens to the number of atoms when comparing the reactants to the products?

    <p>The number of atoms remains the same</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the critical point on a phase diagram?

    <p>It marks the point where all three phases can coexist together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves changing from a gas directly to a solid without passing through the liquid state?

    <p>Deposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH range for substances classified as acids on the pH scale?

    <p>Below 7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ions do acids release in solution?

    <p>$H^+$ (hydrogen ions)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of buffers in maintaining optimal pH in the body?

    <p>Buffers resist changes in pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of taste, what is a distinctive characteristic of bases?

    <p>Bitter taste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    $\text{H}_2\text{CO}_3-\text{HCO}_3-$ is an example of what kind of system in the human body?

    <p>$CO_2$ buffer system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of balancing a chemical equation?

    <p>To obey the law of conservation of matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should subscript numbers in a chemical equation not be changed?

    <p>To avoid changing the chemicals being reacted or produced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When balancing a chemical equation, which atoms should be balanced first according to the steps provided?

    <p>Atoms that appear in only a single molecule on the product side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an alternative method to achieve balance besides following step 2's order when balancing a chemical equation?

    <p>Balancing atoms that appear in only a single molecule on both sides simultaneously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines whether an atom will gain or lose electrons during a chemical reaction?

    <p>The electronegativity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the pH of a solution change as the concentration of hydrogen ions increases?

    <p>The pH decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor affecting ionization energy of an atom?

    <p>Nuclear charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cations' are ions that have ___ compared to their parent atoms.

    <p>Lost electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

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