Chemistry Periodic Table Basics
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Questions and Answers

What are valence electrons?

Outer shell electrons that determine reactivity

Which of the following characteristics describe metals?

  • Good conductors (correct)
  • Dull and brittle
  • Shiny and malleable (correct)
  • Mostly gases

    • What are metalloids?

    Elements with properties of both metals and nonmetals; semi-conductors

    What are the characteristics of non-metals?

    <p>Poor conductors, good insulators, dull, brittle, mostly gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does A# stand for in atomic structure?

    <p>Mass number = Protons = Electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is M in the formula M - A# = N?

    <p>Mass number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a group in the periodic table?

    <p>A column of elements with similar properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a period in the periodic table?

    <p>A row of elements which corresponds to energy levels or electron shells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of elements are least reactive?

    <p>Noble gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of elements are most reactive?

    <p>Alkali metals or halogens, depending on the context</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does P represent in atomic structure?

    <p>Positive (protons in the nucleus)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does N represent in atomic structure?

    <p>Neutral (neutrons in the nucleus)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does E represent in atomic structure?

    <p>Negative (electrons outside the nucleus)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a period represent in terms of energy?

    <p>Number of energy levels or electron shells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are metalloids generally characterized by?

    <p>Having properties of both metals and nonmetals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are noble gases known for?

    <p>Being inert and having full valence shells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are halogens commonly associated with?

    <p>Salts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Valence Electrons

    • Determine chemical reactivity of an element.
    • Located in the outermost shell of an atom.

    Metals

    • Positioned on the left side of the periodic table.
    • Characterized by excellent conductivity of heat and electricity.
    • Typically shiny, malleable (can be shaped), and ductile (can be stretched).

    Metalloids

    • Found along the staircase line on the periodic table.
    • Exhibit properties of both metals and non-metals.
    • Function as semi-conductors, useful in electronics.

    Non-Metals

    • Generally poor conductors of heat and electricity.
    • Good insulators, often dull in appearance and brittle.
    • Mostly exist as gases at room temperature.

    Atomic Number (A#)

    • Indicates the number of protons (P) in an atom.
    • Also equals the number of electrons (E) in a neutral atom.

    Mass Number (M- A# N)

    • Represents the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.

    Group

    • Vertical columns on the periodic table, containing elements with similar properties.
    • Elements in the same group typically have the same number of valence electrons.

    Period

    • Horizontal rows on the periodic table.
    • Represents the number of energy levels or electron shells in an atom.

    Least Reactive Elements

    • Found in Group 18 (noble gases), characterized by having a complete outer electron shell.

    Most Reactive Elements

    • Found in Group 1 (alkali metals) and Group 17 (halogens).
    • Tend to readily engage in chemical reactions due to their electron configurations.

    Positive Charge (P)

    • Refers to protons located in the atomic nucleus.
    • Responsible for the positive charge of the nucleus.

    Neutral Charge (N)

    • Describes neutrons found in the atomic nucleus.
    • Contribute to the mass of the atom but have no charge.

    Negative Charge (E)

    • Refers to electrons that orbit around the nucleus.
    • Balance the positive charge of protons in a neutral atom.

    Period Represents Energy Levels

    • Indicates how many electron shells an atom has.
    • An increase in period number signifies a greater number of energy levels.

    Metalloids

    • Elements with intermediate properties between metals and non-metals.
    • Important in the development of materials and technology due to their unique characteristics.

    Noble Gases

    • Group 18 elements, known for their lack of reactivity due to filled electron shells.
    • Includes helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon.

    Halogens (Salts)

    • Group 17 elements, known for their tendency to form salts when combined with metals.
    • Highly reactive, especially with alkali metals, to form ionic compounds.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of the periodic table, including valence electrons, different types of elements (metals, metalloids, non-metals), and atomic structure. Test your knowledge on how these properties affect chemical reactivity and classification of elements.

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