Chemistry: Paramagnetic Elements and Bonds
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Questions and Answers

Paramagnetic elements have unpaired ______.

electrons

An example of a paramagnetic element is ______.

15P

Electron configuration refers to the distribution of electrons in various ______.

energy levels

Ionic bonding occurs when a metal transfers an electron to a ______.

<p>non-metal</p> Signup and view all the answers

The compound NaCl is also known as ______ Chloride.

<p>Sodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

Alkynes are a type of hydrocarbon that contain at least one ______-carbon triple bond.

<p>carbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

Diamond and graphite are ______ of carbon.

<p>allotropes</p> Signup and view all the answers

The maximum number of bonds a carbon atom can form is ______.

<p>four</p> Signup and view all the answers

Atoms react to form ______ bonds to attain stability.

<p>chemical</p> Signup and view all the answers

In covalent bonding, atoms ______ electrons with each other.

<p>share</p> Signup and view all the answers

Helium does not combine with another He atom to form ______ because its valence shell is filled.

<p>He₂</p> Signup and view all the answers

A sodium atom loses electrons to form a ______ ion.

<p>positive</p> Signup and view all the answers

The compound MgBr₂ is classified as an ______ compound.

<p>ionic</p> Signup and view all the answers

The compound AlCl₃ is known as ______ Chloride.

<p>Aluminum</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hydrocarbons that contain a carbon-carbon triple bond are called ______.

<p>alkynes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Diamond is used in jewelry because it is extremely ______.

<p>hard</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Paramagnetic Elements

  • Paramagnetic elements have unpaired electrons
  • They are attracted to an external magnetic field

Erwin Schrodinger

  • Proposed the probability that electrons will be found in certain locations around the atom's nucleus

Electron Configuration

  • Electron configuration is the distribution of electrons in various energy levels
  • 3 energy level d sublevel = 3d
  • Gallium (31) is in the 4th energy level and group 3

Chemical Bond

  • Atoms react to form chemical bonds to become stable
  • Ionic bond: Metal transfers electron to non-metal (e.g., sodium to fluorine)
  • Covalent bond: Atoms share electrons (e.g., carbon to carbon)

Examples of Ionic and Covalent Compounds

  • AlCl₃ (Aluminum Chloride) - Ionic
  • CH₄ (Methane) - Covalent
  • MgBr₂ (Magnesium Bromide) - Ionic
  • NaCl (Sodium Chloride) - Ionic

Helium (He)

  • Helium's valence shell is full, preventing it from bonding with another He atom

Ionic Compounds

  • Metal atoms lose electrons, forming positive ions
  • Non-metal atoms gain electrons, forming negative ions
  • Examples of naming compounds:
    • Sodium Chloride (NaCl): Salt
    • Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO₃): Baking Soda
    • Aluminum Chloride (AlCl₃)
    • Magnesium Oxide (MgO)
    • Calcium Fluoride (CaF₂)

Carbon and Hydrocarbons

  • Carbon atoms readily form many organic compounds due to its ability to form various bonds with other carbons.
  • Hydrocarbons contain carbon and hydrogen.
  • Alkanes, such as Ethane, contain only single carbon-carbon bonds.
  • Alkynes, such as Ethyne, contain at least one carbon-carbon triple bonds.
  • Carbon forms 4 bonds
  • Diamond and graphite are allotropes of carbon
    • Diamond is hard and colorless
    • Graphite is soft and gray
    • Diamond used for cutting tools and jewelry

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Description

Explore the fascinating world of paramagnetic elements, their unpaired electrons, and how they react to magnetic fields. Dive deeper into the principles of electron configuration, chemical bonds, and the distinct characteristics of ionic and covalent compounds. Test your knowledge on notable examples and the unique behavior of elements like helium.

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