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Chemistry of Water and Soil: Importance and Uses

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Chemistry of Water and Soil: Importance and Uses

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of the coagulation/flocculation process in conventional water treatment?

To disinfect the raw water and kill any germs

To filter out microscopic impurities from the water

To remove the heavy flocs that settle at the bottom of the tanks

To remove dissolved minerals and dirt from the raw water (correct)

What is the main purpose of the sedimentation step in conventional water treatment?

To disinfect the water by injecting it with chlorine gas

To remove the flocs that float to the top of the settling basins

To remove the heavy flocs that sink to the bottom of the settling basins (correct)

To filter out microscopic impurities from the water

Which type of water source is not mentioned in the text as a source for conventional water treatment?

Rainwater

Underground water from shallow and deep springs and wells

Surface water from streams and rivers

Wastewater from industrial processes (correct)

What is the purpose of the final disinfection/chlorination step in conventional water treatment?

To kill any microbes or germs that may still be present in the water Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a type of dissolved impurity in natural waters according to the text?

Suspended solids Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between hard water and soft water as described in the text?

Hard water produces a lot of lather with soap, while soft water produces very little lather Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of desalination?

To remove salts from seawater or brackish water Signup and view all the answers

Which process is used in modern reverse-osmosis facilities for desalination?

Hollow fibers as semipermeable membranes Signup and view all the answers

What is the ratio of seawater needed to produce one gallon of freshwater through reverse osmosis?

2:1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of water in industry?

Cooling and manufacturing Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of water treatment processes in a water supply system?

To purify raw water to meet potable water standards Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle behind the reverse osmosis process?

Applying external pressure to force solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane Signup and view all the answers