Chemistry of Water and Its Properties
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Questions and Answers

What results from the uneven sharing of electrons in a water molecule?

  • It forms dipoles. (correct)
  • It changes chemical properties.
  • It increases temperature.
  • It becomes charged.

What type of bond forms between water molecules due to their polarity?

  • Ionic bonds
  • Covalent bonds
  • Metallic bonds
  • Hydrogen bonds (correct)

Which property of water allows it to be an excellent solvent?

  • It has low surface tension
  • The presence of ionic bonds
  • Its high density
  • Its polar nature (correct)

Why does ice float on water?

<p>Liquid water expands when frozen. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the high specific heat capacity of water?

<p>Presence of hydrogen bonds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the polarity of water have on its surface tension?

<p>Increases surface tension (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following roles does water play in living organisms?

<p>It acts as a reagent. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes water molecules to have an asymmetrical shape?

<p>Uneven electron sharing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What property of water allows it to dissolve substances effectively?

<p>Polarity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is water's high specific heat capacity essential for living organisms?

<p>It prevents large temperature fluctuations, maintaining a stable environment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific heat capacity of water?

<p>4200 J/kg°C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does water contribute to temperature regulation in the body?

<p>By transferring heat without significant temperature change. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does water play in diffusion within prokaryotic cells?

<p>It allows for the efficient transport of metabolites. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the latent heat of vaporization in relation to water?

<p>It is the energy required to break hydrogen bonds and change water from liquid to gas. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What advantage does water's ability to absorb a lot of heat provide aquatic environments?

<p>It creates stable habitats with minimal temperature fluctuations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of molecules does water not transport efficiently due to hydrophobic properties?

<p>Non-polar molecules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Polarity of water

Water molecules have a slightly negative end (oxygen) and a slightly positive end (hydrogen), due to uneven electron sharing.

Hydrogen bond in water

Weak attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom of one water molecule and a slightly negative oxygen atom of another water molecule.

Water as a solvent

Water can dissolve many substances because of its polarity, creating solutions.

Water's high specific heat

Water can absorb a lot of heat energy without a large change in temperature.

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Water's high latent heat of vaporization

A large amount of heat is needed to change liquid water to water vapor.

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Water's density as a solid

Ice is less dense than liquid water, causing it to float.

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Water's high surface tension

Water molecules stick together strongly at the surface due to hydrogen bonding.

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Water as a transport medium

Water carries dissolved nutrients and waste products in living organisms.

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Specific heat capacity of water

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1°C, which is relatively high (4200 J/kg°C).

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High specific heat capacity cause

Water's high specific heat capacity is due to the many hydrogen bonds it forms.

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Water in Living Organisms

Water's high specific heat capacity maintains stable temperatures in aquatic environments and organisms, crucial for enzyme activity.

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Water and Heat Transfer

Water in blood helps transfer heat around the body, maintaining a relatively constant body temperature.

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Latent heat of vaporization

The large amount of energy needed for water to change from liquid to gas (evaporation), breaking hydrogen bonds.

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Water and Diffusion

Water facilitates the movement of substances (metabolites) in and out of cells via diffusion and helps exchange in prokaryotes

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Water as a universal solvent

Water dissolves many substances due to its polarity, making it essential for chemical reactions in cells.

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Study Notes

Structure of Water

  • Water is composed of one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms.
  • Oxygen and hydrogen atoms share electrons (covalent bonding).
  • Oxygen attracts electrons more strongly, creating a slightly negative charge (δ-) on oxygen and slightly positive charges (δ+) on hydrogen.
  • This unequal charge distribution forms a dipole.
  • Water is a polar molecule—one end is negative, the other is positive.

Hydrogen Bonding in Water

  • Hydrogen bonds form between water molecules.
  • These bonds form between the slightly positive hydrogen of one water molecule and the slightly negative oxygen of another.
  • Hydrogen bonds are individually weak, but numerous ones create a strong structure.
  • Constantly break and reform.

Properties of Water Due to Hydrogen Bonds

  • Excellent solvent: Polar nature dissolves many substances (ions, polar molecules).
  • Transport medium: Essential for moving substances around organisms.
  • High specific heat capacity: Requires a large amount of energy to change water temperature; stable temperature for organisms.
  • High latent heat of vaporisation: Large amount of energy to convert liquid water to gas; helps regulate temperature through sweating/evaporation.
  • Lower density as a solid (ice): Ice floats; crucial for aquatic life.
  • High surface tension and cohesion: Water molecules stick together; crucial for transport.
  • Reagent: Water is involved in many biological reactions.

Water as a Solvent

  • Water's polarity makes it a "universal solvent" for polar substances.
  • Dissolves ions (e.g., sodium chloride) and polar molecules (e.g., glucose).
  • Enables chemical reactions in cells by making solutes more reactive.
  • Crucial for transport of metabolites (except non-polar).

High Specific Heat Capacity

  • A high specific heat capacity (4200 J/kg°C) means considerable energy is needed to change water temperature.
  • Stabilizes habitats and body temperatures, as it resists temperature fluctuations.
  • Essential for enzyme activity and maintaining constant internal temperatures in living organisms.
  • Water in blood plasma/tissue fluid aids temperature regulation.

Latent Heat of Vaporisation

  • Requires substantial energy to evaporate water, breaking hydrogen bonds.
  • Important for regulating an organism's temperature through evaporative cooling.

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Description

This quiz explores the structure of water, including its molecular composition and the significance of hydrogen bonding. It also delves into the unique properties of water that arise from these interactions, such as its solvent capabilities and high specific heat capacity.

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