Chemistry of Sodium and its Compounds

Study Notes

Preparation of Metallic Sodium

Metallic sodium is produced through electrolysis of a molten mixture containing 40% sodium chloride (NaCl) and 60% calcium chloride (CaCl2) using a Down’s cell.

Sodium Chloride (NaCl) Uses

Commonly known as table salt, NaCl serves as a preservative in pickles, meat, and fish.
NaCl is essential in the manufacturing of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), chlorine gas (Cl2), and soap.
In Nelson and Castner-Kellner cells, NaCl acts as the primary raw material for producing caustic soda (NaOH).

Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) Applications

NaOH, also known as caustic soda, is utilized in the production of soap, dyes, and artificial silk.
It plays a role in refining bauxite mineral.

Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) Characteristics

Commonly referred to as baking soda, NaHCO3 is used in effervescent beverages and fruit salts.
It serves a function in fire extinguishers and wool washing in the form of sesquicarbonate.

Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3·10H2O) Insights

Known as washing soda, Na2CO3·10H2O is crucial in glass manufacturing, soap, washing powder, and softening hard water.
A mixture of sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate is referred to as a fusion mixture.

Sodium Sulfate (Na2SO4·10H2O) Attributes

Known as Glauber’s salt, Na2SO4·10H2O is primarily used as a purgative.

Sodium Thiosulfate (Na2S2O3·5H2O) Functions

Commonly called hypo, Na2S2O3·5H2O is an important chemical in photography, functioning as a fixing agent.

Description

Explore the fascinating chemistry of sodium and its compounds in this quiz. Learn about the preparation of metallic sodium, its applications, and the processes involved in the manufacture of sodium hydroxide and chlorine. This quiz delves into the significance of sodium chloride in various chemical processes.