31 Questions
What are the principal mineral raw materials for the manufacture of ceramic products?
Silica and alumino-silicates
Which minerals are considered objectionable for ceramic products due to iron staining and iron oxide minerals?
Quartz
What is the chief use of soda feldspar in the ceramic industry?
Glazing purposes
What should the feldspars for use in the ceramic industry contain?
Minimum of 65-72% SiO2 and not less than 4% Na2O
Which geological sources are suitable for silica in the ceramic industry?
Pegmatites and vein quartz
What is the function of feldspars in the preparation of ceramic bodies and glazes?
Fluxing material
What is the primary constituent of both ball clay and china clay?
Kaolinite
Which material helps in bonding and cementing the ingredients together in ceramics?
Feldspar
What does the term 'ceramics' broadly include, according to the text?
A variety of materials such as refractories, glasses, and more
What are ceramics generally characterized by, as per the text?
High temperature resistance
Which method of forming clay involves the use of a potter's wheel and is still used today?
Jiggering process
Which material contributes to the mechanical strength of ceramics?
Silica
What is the meaning of the word 'ceramics', as per its origin?
'Burnt material'
Which of the following is NOT a category of ceramic materials produced from silica and alumina?
Ferroelectrics
What are pegmatites often zoned into distinct bands of, according to the text?
Quartz and feldspar
Which type of clay has greater plasticity and lesser refractoriness due to the presence of montmorillonite?
Ball clay
What is the chemical formula for phosphoric acid?
H3PO4
Which industry uses thermal process phosphoric acid of higher purity?
Manufacturing high-grade chemicals
How is wet process phosphoric acid produced?
By reacting sulfuric acid with phosphate rock
How is excess cooling water from wet process phosphoric acid production managed?
Collected in cooling ponds for subsequent evaporation and recirculation
What is a potential consequence of leachate seeping from cooling ponds?
Groundwater contamination
What is the primary use of thermal process phosphoric acid?
Manufacture of high-grade chemicals
What is the primary raw material for the production of phosphoric acid by the wet process?
Phosphate rock
Why do some U. S. companies prefer the hemihydrate process over the dihydrate process?
Due to the higher P2O5 concentration in wet process phosphoric acid
What does the dihydrate process produce gypsum in the form of?
Calcium sulfate with 2 molecules of water
In the wet process for phosphoric acid production, what is used to separate gypsum from the reaction solution?
Filtration
What percentage of P2O5 does wet process phosphoric acid normally contain?
26 to 30%
What are the raw materials for the production of phosphoric acid by the thermal process?
Elemental phosphorus, air, and water
What is formed during the combustion step in the thermal process phosphoric acid manufacture?
Phosphorus pentoxide
How is phosphoric acid further concentrated in most cases to meet phosphate feed material specifications for fertilizer production?
By using vacuum evaporators
What is used to separate gypsum crystals from the acid during the reaction in the wet process for phosphoric acid production?
Filtration
Test your knowledge of the chemistry behind the production of phosphoric acid, including its chemical formula and commercial manufacturing methods. Explore the uses of wet process phosphoric acid in fertilizer production and the applications of thermal process phosphoric acid in high grade chemicals and pharmaceuticals.
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