10 Questions
For the reaction of primary and secondary alcohols with HCl, what is required as a catalyst?
ZnCl2
What is the preferred reagent to replace the hydroxyl group of an alcohol with a halogen?
Thionyl chloride
How are good yields of R—I obtained from alcohols?
By heating with sodium or potassium iodide in 95% orthophosphoric acid
What is used for preparing alkyl bromide through constant boiling?
HBr (48%)
What is usually generated in situ for the reaction with red phosphorus, bromine, and iodine?
Phosphorus tribromide and triiodide
Describe the reaction of an alcohol with thionyl chloride. What are the products formed and why is thionyl chloride preferred for this reaction?
Thionyl chloride replaces the hydroxyl group of an alcohol with a halogen to form an alkyl halide along with the gases SO2 and HCl. Thionyl chloride is preferred because the gaseous products are escapable, resulting in the formation of pure alkyl halides.
How is alkyl bromide prepared and what reagent is used for this process?
Alkyl bromide is prepared through constant boiling with HBr (48%). Good yields of alkyl bromide can be obtained using this method.
What is the catalyst required for the reaction of primary and secondary alcohols with HCl? How is the reaction of tertiary alcohols with HCl conducted?
The reaction of primary and secondary alcohols with HCl requires the presence of a catalyst, ZnCl2. The reaction of tertiary alcohols with HCl is conducted by simply shaking the alcohol with concentrated HCl at room temperature.
What method is used to obtain good yields of R—I from alcohols? Describe the process involved.
Good yields of R—I may be obtained by heating alcohols with sodium or potassium iodide in 95% orthophosphoric acid.
Explain the order of reactivity of alcohols with a given haloacid.
The order of reactivity of alcohols with a given haloacid is 3°>2°>1°, indicating that tertiary alcohols are more reactive than secondary alcohols, which are in turn more reactive than primary alcohols.
Test your knowledge of alcohol reactions with halogen acids, phosphorus halides, and thionyl chloride in this quiz. Explore the preferred use of thionyl chloride in replacing the hydroxyl group of alcohols with halogen, leading to the formation of pure alkyl halides. Identify the requirements for the reactions of primary and secondary alcohols with HCl.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
