Chemistry of Lipids and Digestion

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of bile acids in the digestive system?

To produce insulin and glucagon

To emulsify lipids (correct)

To break down fatty acids

To synthesize vitamin D2

What is cholesterol esterified by?

Short-chained carboxylic acid

Long-chained carboxylic acid (correct)

Porphin

Glycerol

What is the precursor for bile acids?

Phytol

Ergosterol

Cholesterol (correct)

Vitamin D2

What is Phytol classified as?

Triterpene Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lipase in digestion?

To break down lipid ester bonds Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of bile acids in the digestion of fats?

To emulsify lipids Signup and view all the answers

What is cholesterol a precursor for?

Sex hormones Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of ergosterol UV irradiation?

Ergocalciferol, vitamin D2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of emulsification and breakdown of triglycerides related to?

The absorption of lipids Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a steroid hormone?

Insulin and glucagon Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of essential amino acids?

They must be supplied in the diet Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid contains a heterocycle in its molecule?

Histidine Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of non-essential amino acids?

They are formed by transamination of oxo acids in the human body Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of tyrosine?

It is a hydroxy derivative of phenylalanine Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid can be considered acidic?

Aspartic acid Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acids can be considered basic?

Lysine, proline, histidine Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of isomerases in biochemical reactions?

They catalyse the rearrangement of isomers Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

The type of pentose sugar Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of lyases in biochemical reactions?

They catalyse the nonhydrolytic cleavage of C-C bond Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ligases in biochemical reactions?

They catalyse the synthesis of two substrates in the presence of ATP Signup and view all the answers

What is a common component found in the molecule of oxidoreductase coenzymes NAD and FAD?

Pyridine Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of nucleic acids?

They are responsible for the organization and reproduction of living matter Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Lipid Metabolism

Lipase breaks down lipid ester bonds.
Gastric acid and pepsin break down fatty acids.
Bile acids emulsify lipids.

Cholesterol

Cholesterol is not derived from cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene.
Cholesterol can be esterified by long-chained carboxylic acid.
Cholesterol occurs in the human body in free and esterified forms.
Cholesterol is a part of cell membranes.
Cholesterol gives rise to bile acids.
Cholesterol is a precursor for sex hormones and bile pigments.

Bile Acids

Bile acids are formed in the liver from cholesterol.
Bile acids are important for the absorption and breakdown of triglycerides.
Bile acids have shorter side chains than cholesterol.

Sterols

Phytol belongs to triterpenes.
Ergosterol is found in yeast.
By UV irradiation of ergosterol, vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) is produced.

Proteins

Proteins have structural, kinetic, transport, regulatory, and defensive functions.
Proteins consist of amino acids having one-COOH group and one-NH2 group in the molecule.
Essential amino acids must be supplied in the diet.
Non-essential amino acids are formed by transamination of oxo acids in the human body.

Amino Acids

Tyrosine is a hydroxy derivative of phenylalanine.
Aspartic acid and glutamic acid are acidic amino acids.
Lysine, proline, histidine are basic amino acids.

Enzymes

Isomerases catalyze isomers' rearrangement.
Lyases catalyze nonhydrolytic cleavage of C-C bonds.
Ligases catalyze synthesis of two substrates in the presence of ATP.

Coenzymes and Nucleic Acids

NAD and FAD are oxidoreductase coenzymes that contain pyridine.
Nucleic acids are responsible for the organization and reproduction of living matter.
DNA and RNA differ in their pentose content, with DNA containing deoxyribose and RNA containing ribose.

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Description

This quiz covers the breakdown of lipids, the role of enzymes and acids in digestion, and the properties of cholesterol. Test your knowledge of chemistry and biology!