Chemistry of Lipids and Digestion
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of bile acids in the digestive system?

  • To produce insulin and glucagon
  • To emulsify lipids (correct)
  • To break down fatty acids
  • To synthesize vitamin D2
  • What is cholesterol esterified by?

  • Short-chained carboxylic acid
  • Long-chained carboxylic acid (correct)
  • Porphin
  • Glycerol
  • What is the precursor for bile acids?

  • Phytol
  • Ergosterol
  • Cholesterol (correct)
  • Vitamin D2
  • What is Phytol classified as?

    <p>Triterpene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of lipase in digestion?

    <p>To break down lipid ester bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of bile acids in the digestion of fats?

    <p>To emulsify lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cholesterol a precursor for?

    <p>Sex hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of ergosterol UV irradiation?

    <p>Ergocalciferol, vitamin D2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of emulsification and breakdown of triglycerides related to?

    <p>The absorption of lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a steroid hormone?

    <p>Insulin and glucagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of essential amino acids?

    <p>They must be supplied in the diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid contains a heterocycle in its molecule?

    <p>Histidine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of non-essential amino acids?

    <p>They are formed by transamination of oxo acids in the human body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of tyrosine?

    <p>It is a hydroxy derivative of phenylalanine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid can be considered acidic?

    <p>Aspartic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acids can be considered basic?

    <p>Lysine, proline, histidine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of isomerases in biochemical reactions?

    <p>They catalyse the rearrangement of isomers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

    <p>The type of pentose sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of lyases in biochemical reactions?

    <p>They catalyse the nonhydrolytic cleavage of C-C bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ligases in biochemical reactions?

    <p>They catalyse the synthesis of two substrates in the presence of ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common component found in the molecule of oxidoreductase coenzymes NAD and FAD?

    <p>Pyridine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of nucleic acids?

    <p>They are responsible for the organization and reproduction of living matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Lipid Metabolism

    • Lipase breaks down lipid ester bonds.
    • Gastric acid and pepsin break down fatty acids.
    • Bile acids emulsify lipids.

    Cholesterol

    • Cholesterol is not derived from cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene.
    • Cholesterol can be esterified by long-chained carboxylic acid.
    • Cholesterol occurs in the human body in free and esterified forms.
    • Cholesterol is a part of cell membranes.
    • Cholesterol gives rise to bile acids.
    • Cholesterol is a precursor for sex hormones and bile pigments.

    Bile Acids

    • Bile acids are formed in the liver from cholesterol.
    • Bile acids are important for the absorption and breakdown of triglycerides.
    • Bile acids have shorter side chains than cholesterol.

    Sterols

    • Phytol belongs to triterpenes.
    • Ergosterol is found in yeast.
    • By UV irradiation of ergosterol, vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) is produced.

    Proteins

    • Proteins have structural, kinetic, transport, regulatory, and defensive functions.
    • Proteins consist of amino acids having one-COOH group and one-NH2 group in the molecule.
    • Essential amino acids must be supplied in the diet.
    • Non-essential amino acids are formed by transamination of oxo acids in the human body.

    Amino Acids

    • Tyrosine is a hydroxy derivative of phenylalanine.
    • Aspartic acid and glutamic acid are acidic amino acids.
    • Lysine, proline, histidine are basic amino acids.

    Enzymes

    • Isomerases catalyze isomers' rearrangement.
    • Lyases catalyze nonhydrolytic cleavage of C-C bonds.
    • Ligases catalyze synthesis of two substrates in the presence of ATP.

    Coenzymes and Nucleic Acids

    • NAD and FAD are oxidoreductase coenzymes that contain pyridine.
    • Nucleic acids are responsible for the organization and reproduction of living matter.
    • DNA and RNA differ in their pentose content, with DNA containing deoxyribose and RNA containing ribose.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the breakdown of lipids, the role of enzymes and acids in digestion, and the properties of cholesterol. Test your knowledge of chemistry and biology!

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