Life Science: November Paper 1 Easy
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Questions and Answers

What are the smallest units of matter that retain the properties of an element?

  • Electrons
  • Atoms (correct)
  • Molecules
  • Compounds

Which of the following elements is essential to life?

  • Carbon (C) (correct)
  • Gold (Au)
  • Silver (Ag)
  • Platinum (Pt)

In chemical terms, what are pure substances that cannot be decomposed further called?

  • Compounds
  • Mixtures
  • Elements (correct)
  • Isotopes

What kind of bonds do atoms form to create molecules?

<p>Covalent bonds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following combinations does not form a compound?

<p>Hydrogen (H2) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are compounds classified based on their composition?

<p>By organic or inorganic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of lipids in living organisms?

<p>To provide structural support (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nutrients is essential for chlorophyll production in plants?

<p>Iron (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of proteins in living organisms?

<p>Structural support (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fats are typically solid at room temperature?

<p>Saturated fats (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

<p>Energy storage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Overuse of fertilisers can lead to which environmental issue?

<p>Eutrophication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral nutrient is important for thyroid hormone production?

<p>Iron (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the category of nutrients that includes nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium?

<p>Macro-nutrients (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organic compound is composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds?

<p>Proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process is caused by excessive nutrient runoff from fertilisers leading to oxygen depletion in water bodies?

<p>Eutrophication (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate caloric content of 6 grams of fat?

<p>54 kcal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the 17th century, who first observed plant cells?

<p>Robert Hooke (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient is primarily responsible for long-term energy storage in the body?

<p>Fats (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What technique was introduced to enhance the visibility of internal cell structures?

<p>Chemical Staining (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is found in citrus fruits and bell peppers?

<p>Vitamin C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What deficiency can lead to diseases like kwashiorkor and obesity?

<p>Malnutrition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the development of the electron microscope provide that earlier microscopes couldn't?

<p>Higher Magnification and Resolution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?

<p>Energy Storage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which micronutrient is necessary for bone health and is found in dairy products?

<p>Calcium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a balanced diet?

<p>To Ensure Consumption of All Nutrients in Proper Quantities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining characteristic of organic compounds?

<p>Presence of carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is correct about inorganic compounds?

<p>They have simple chemical structures and lack carbon-hydrogen bonds. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of carbohydrates in living organisms?

<p>Serving as energy storage and structural components (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is water considered the 'universal solvent'?

<p>Water can dissolve more substances than any other liquid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a role of water in plants?

<p>Supporting turgor pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a function of minerals in living organisms?

<p>Providing structural integrity and nerve transmission (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do carbohydrates contribute to the human body's mass composition?

<p>Forming a small percentage of the body mass (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a significant role of fats in living organisms?

<p>Supporting energy storage and cell membrane formation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of a human's mass consists of proteins?

<p>18% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does water help organisms in maintaining a stable internal temperature?

<p>Having a high heat capacity to absorb and release heat slowly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Vitamin E in the body?

<p>Functions as an antioxidant (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin deficiency can lead to night blindness?

<p>Vitamin A (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What deficiency disease can result from inadequate Vitamin D intake in children?

<p>Rickets (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is crucial for visual health and immune function?

<p>Vitamin A (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of Vitamin C in the body?

<p>Acts as an antioxidant (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a source of Vitamin A?

<p>Citrus fruits (oranges, lemons) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Beriberi is a deficiency disease associated with the lack of which vitamin?

<p>Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Vitamin deficiency can result in bleeding gums and impaired wound healing?

<p>Vitamin C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key role of Vitamin D in the body?

<p>Enhances bone and teeth mineralization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a fat-soluble vitamin?

<p>Vitamin B (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process uses carrier proteins to move substances against their concentration gradient without energy input?

<p>Carrier-facilitated transport (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of microvilli related to the cell membrane?

<p>Enhance absorption of nutrients (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which substance is typically transported via carrier-facilitated diffusion?

<p>Glucose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism do ions like sodium and potassium utilize to maintain essential cellular functions?

<p>Active transport (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular structure is involved in the uptake of liquids?

<p>Pinocytotic vesicles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does water primarily move across a cell membrane?

<p>Osmosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a cell wall in plant cells?

<p>Providing structural strength and support (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for converting solar energy into chemical energy stored as glucose in plant cells?

<p>Chloroplasts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding cell theory?

<p>The cell is the smallest unit of life (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes animal cells from plant cells structurally?

<p>Absence of a cell wall (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for breaking down waste materials and cellular debris in animal cells?

<p>Lysosomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is magnification calculated in microscopes?

<p>By multiplying the power of the ocular lens by the objective lens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the absence of a cell wall in animal cells allow them to do?

<p>Form a variety of cell shapes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature connects the cytoplasm of adjacent plant cells for transport and communication?

<p>Plasmodesmata (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is proper handling and maintenance important for light microscopes?

<p>To preserve the functionality and precision (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In cell theory, what is posited about the origin of new cells?

<p>They arise from pre-existing cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nucleus in both plant and animal cells?

<p>Regulation of cell activities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for converting glucose into ATP in both plant and animal cells?

<p>Mitochondria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus in plant and animal cells?

<p>Protein and lipid modification (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is unique to plant cells and is responsible for photosynthesis?

<p>Chloroplast (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between plant and animal cells mentioned in the text?

<p>Plant cells possess a rigid cell wall. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure helps the cell communicate and interact with its environment?

<p>Carbohydrates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of the cell membrane proteins?

<p>Cell communication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the fluid mosaic model in understanding the cell membrane structure?

<p>Explains the movement and flexibility of proteins and lipids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the passive transport of molecules from an area of higher to lower concentration?

<p>Simple diffusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the vacuole in plant cells?

<p>Storage and maintaining cell rigidity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element?

<p>Atoms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element is NOT mentioned as essential to life in the text?

<p>Phosphorus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bond forms when atoms share electrons to create molecules?

<p>Covalent bond (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinguishing factor between organic and inorganic compounds?

<p>Carbon content (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a molecule composed of only one type of element?

<p>Atom (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element's nucleus holds the key to determining the identity of the element?

<p>Protons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes inorganic compounds from organic compounds?

<p>Lack of carbon-hydrogen bonds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key role of water in living organisms?

<p>Temperature regulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary organic compound in life responsible for energy storage and structural functions?

<p>Fats (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of a human's mass is composed of proteins?

<p>18% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following minerals is required in larger quantities by humans for structural integrity, fluid balance, and nerve transmission?

<p>Calcium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

<p>Energy storage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the solvent properties of water in cellular biochemistry?

<p>It participates in hydrolysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does water contribute to chemical reactions like photosynthesis in plants?

<p>By participating directly in the reactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered an inorganic compound?

<p>Proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of minerals in living organisms?

<p>Structural support (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do carrier-facilitated transport and active transport differ?

<p>Carrier-facilitated transport uses carrier proteins, while active transport requires energy input. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular structures are involved in the absorption of nutrients by increasing the cell membrane surface area?

<p>Microvilli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method for the transport of glucose across the cell membrane?

<p>Carrier-facilitated diffusion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following molecules moves through osmosis?

<p>Water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

By what means do ions like sodium and potassium maintain essential cellular functions?

<p>Active transport mechanisms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What integrates closely with the cell membrane to provide structural support?

<p>Cytoskeleton (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the energy content of a food item calculated?

<p>By summing the caloric contributions from proteins, carbohydrates, and fats (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What deficiency leads to the disease kwashiorkor and obesity?

<p>Protein deficiency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient provides about 9 calories per gram?

<p>Fats (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of a balanced diet?

<p>To provide a variety of food types in appropriate quantities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which microscope development significantly improved the clarity and magnification of cellular structures in the early 1900s?

<p>Advanced light microscopy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main source of Vitamin A?

<p>Carrots (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of calcium in the body?

<p>Bone health (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nutrients is important for long-term energy storage and hormone production?

<p>Fats (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a microscope's convex lenses?

<p>To magnify objects for observation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient is obtained from red meat and spinach and is important for blood health?

<p>Iron (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

<p>Energy storage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fats are typically found in plants and are liquid at room temperature?

<p>Unsaturated fats (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of lipids in living organisms?

<p>Structural components of cell membranes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organic compound is vital for genetic information storage and processing in organisms?

<p>Nucleic acids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which environmental issue can result from excessive use of inorganic fertilisers?

<p>Water pollution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can happen due to nutrient runoff caused by overuse of fertilisers?

<p>Hypoxic conditions in water bodies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient is vital for oxygen transport in organisms?

<p>Iron (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary functions of proteins in living organisms?

<p>Structural support and enzyme catalysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of organic compounds serves as a source of energy through cellular respiration?

<p>Carbohydrates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key function of nucleic acids in living organisms?

<p>Genetic information storage and processing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann develop in 1838 that is foundational to modern biology?

<p>Cell Theory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?

<p>Structural strength and protection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Centrioles in animal cells?

<p>Involved in cell division (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key factor that distinguishes Transmission Electron Microscopes (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopes (SEM) from traditional light microscopes?

<p>Use of beams of electrons instead of light (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates the field of view in a light microscope as magnification increases?

<p>Decreases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of lysosomes in animal cells?

<p>Contain digestive enzymes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which microscope uses electron beams instead of light to achieve magnifications up to 50 million times?

<p>Scanning Electron Microscope (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What substance provides additional support and rigidity to the cell walls of some plant cells?

<p>Lignin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is NOT found in animal cells?

<p>Chloroplasts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of organelles found in cells?

<p>Perform unique cellular functions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the Starch test with iodine a useful tool in identifying organic compounds?

<p>The blue-black coloration indicates the presence of starch. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the Benedict’s and Fehling’s tests help identify reducing sugars?

<p>They change color from blue to green, yellow, orange, or red. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the Lipid test different from the Protein test?

<p>The Lipid test shows a color change in the presence of proteins. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is Vitamin D crucial for children's health?

<p>It aids in bone mineralization, preventing conditions like Rickets. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What deficiency disease arises from a lack of Vitamin E?

<p>Depressed immune system and anemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin plays a role in collagen formation for tissue repair?

<p>Vitamin C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Vitamin A deficiency?

<p>Night blindness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is Vitamin B essential for nerve function?

<p>It aids in neurotransmitter synthesis and red blood cell production. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are vitamins considered essential organic compounds?

<p>They are necessary for various bodily functions and must be obtained from the diet. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of metabolic processes, what is a key function of Vitamin D?

<p>Promotes bone and teeth mineralization. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of mitochondria in both plant and animal cells?

<p>Breakdown of glucose into ATP (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is unique to plant cells and is responsible for the process of photosynthesis?

<p>Chloroplasts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In cell theory, what is emphasized about cell origin and growth?

<p>New cells are generated from existing cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis and processing of proteins in both plant and animal cells?

<p>Ribosomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cellular process do plant and animal cells share related to cell division?

<p>Formation of centrioles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of cell membranes, what is the primary role of carbohydrates?

<p>Cell recognition and signaling (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the passive movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration through the cell membrane?

<p>Simple diffusion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus in cells?

<p>Protein modification and packaging (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do plant cells primarily maintain cellular rigidity?

<p>By having a large central vacuole (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nucleus in a cell?

<p>Storage of genetic material and control of cell activities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cell cycle is the DNA loosely packed and dispersed throughout the nucleus as chromatin?

<p>G1 Phase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor that impacts a cell's ability to acquire nutrients and dispose of waste effectively?

<p>Surface area to volume ratio (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sub-phase of interphase involves the duplication of cellular contents excluding the chromosomes?

<p>G2 Phase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of the cell cycle involves the duplication of each chromosome by the cell?

<p>Interphase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does DNA condense into more distinct forms in the cell cycle?

<p>During Prophase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the cell cycle sees the cell continuing to grow and produce new proteins?

<p>G2 Phase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of mitosis in cellular processes?

<p>Creating identical daughter cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a cell regulate its surface area to volume ratio as it grows?

<p>By increasing volume faster than surface area (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is mitotic activity prominent in animals for cell division?

<p>Bone marrow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between the mitosis processes in plant and animal cells?

<p>The presence of centrioles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of mitosis do chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell?

<p>Anaphase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of interphase in the cell cycle?

<p>DNA replication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of mitosis involves the aligning of chromosomes at the cell's equator?

<p>Metaphase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of chromatin duplication during interphase?

<p>Preparation for division (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is mitosis typically observed in plants?

<p>Apical meristem (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of mitosis marks the initiation of cytokinesis in animal cells?

<p>Telophase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Collenchyma tissue?

<p>Support and flexibility (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle tissue facilitates peristalsis and blood flow regulation?

<p>Smooth muscle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of Xylem tissue cells?

<p>Dead at maturity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue absorbs nutrients and protects against pathogens?

<p>Epithelial Tissue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Phloem tissue in plants?

<p>Transporting photosynthetic products (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue is characterized by tall, column-like cells specialized in absorption and secretion?

<p>Columnar Epithelium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The primary role of Connective Tissue is to:

<p>Provide structural support (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of connective tissue stores fat and provides insulation?

<p>Adipose Tissue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Cardiac Muscle from other muscle tissues?

<p>Involuntary movement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of Embryonic Stem Cells?

<p>Differentiate into any cell type (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of meristematic tissue in plants?

<p>To contribute to plant growth through continuous cell division (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of dermal tissue in plants?

<p>To protect the plant from external threats and reduce water loss (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of meristematic tissue?

<p>Cells continuously divide to contribute to plant growth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do dermal tissues have a waxy layer known as the cuticle?

<p>To reduce the rate of transpiration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What allows plant permanent tissues to perform specialized functions?

<p>Differentiation from meristematic tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plant tissue category is responsible for plant growth and thickness expansion?

<p>Meristematic tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of meristematic tissue in plant physiology?

<p>Continuous cell division for growth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the role of permanent tissues in plants?

<p>Performing specialized functions without division (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes meristematic tissue from permanent tissue in plants?

<p>Ability to differentiate into other cell types (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the apical meristem critical for plant development?

<p>To promote growth in length (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of neurons?

<p>Sensing changes in the environment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of a neuron receives impulses from other neurons?

<p>Dendrites (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of supporting cells like Schwann cells?

<p>Enhancing signal transmission (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of neuron predominantly carries messages from sensory receptors to the Central Nervous System?

<p>Unipolar neurons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

<p>Managing the body's information (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system controls involuntary responses like heart rate and digestion?

<p>Autonomic nervous system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of neurotransmitters in neurons?

<p>Influencing bodily functions and responses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of neuron mainly transmits signals from the Central Nervous System to muscles or glands?

<p>Multipolar neurons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) from the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

<p>The CNS is the main control center, while the PNS acts as a communication relay. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the brain in the nervous system?

<p>Interpreting sensory information (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes cancer cells from normal cells in terms of response to growth inhibition signals?

<p>Cancer cells disregard signals and continue to multiply. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of tumors promotes the spread of cancer cells to other body parts?

<p>Stimulation of new blood vessel formation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of metastasis in cancer cells?

<p>It enables cancer cells to invade other tissues and spread throughout the body. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cancer originates in connective tissues like bone and muscle?

<p>Sarcomas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable feature of leukemia among the common types of cancer?

<p>Affecting the blood, lymphatic, and immune systems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which environmental factor is listed as a cause of cancer in the text?

<p>Radiation (UV light) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of cancer, what is the role of inherited genetic mutations?

<p>To increase the risk of cancer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medical strategy focuses on physically removing cancer cells or tumors?

<p>Surgery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes benign tumors from malignant tumors in the context of cancer?

<p>Benign tumors do not spread, while malignant tumors can invade other tissues. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What pattern of cell division characterizes the formation of a new cell wall in plant cells during cytokinesis?

<p>Formation of a cell plate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cell cycle does each chromosome duplicate, resulting in two sister chromatids held together by a centromere?

<p>S Phase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the molecule holding two sister chromatids together during cell division?

<p>Maintain chromosome structure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the cell cycle does the cell continue to grow, produce new proteins, and prepare to enter mitosis?

<p>G2 Phase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does the information-containing DNA in cells typically condense to more distinct forms?

<p>In Prophase of Mitosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the surface area to volume ratio crucial in determining when a cell will divide?

<p>To impact nutrient exchange efficiency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key factor that allows for DNA replication and transcription efficiency during the cell cycle?

<p>Loose DNA organization in chromatin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Schwann cells in nerve tissue?

<p>Enhance signal transmission (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of neuron mainly transmits signals from the central nervous system to muscles or glands?

<p>Multipolar neurons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the autonomic nervous system in the body?

<p>Regulates involuntary responses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key function of the central nervous system (CNS) in the body?

<p>Interpret sensory information (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of traditional healer communicates with ancestral spirits to diagnose community problems?

<p>Diviners (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of complementary medicines in traditional healing practices?

<p>Preserve cultural practices (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do neurons influence various bodily functions and responses?

<p>Through neurotransmitters (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve cells are specialized to carry messages from sensory receptors to the central nervous system?

<p>Unipolar neurons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the dendrites in neurons?

<p>Receive impulses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the nervous system, what is the role of the spinal cord in signal transmission?

<p>Act as a conduit for signals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason behind a cell undergoing division according to the text?

<p>To reduce its volume while maintaining surface area (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is mitotic activity prominent in animals for cell division according to the information provided?

<p>Basal layers of the skin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of mitosis in multicellular organisms based on the details given?

<p>Cell multiplication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key structural difference between mitosis in plant and animal cells from the text?

<p>Absence of centrioles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does DNA condense and become visible during the Prophase of mitosis?

<p>Chromatids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does interphase play in the cell cycle according to the given details?

<p>Preparation for mitosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the beginning of cytokinesis during mitosis in animal cells as per the text?

<p>Constriction of the cell membrane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of reproduction in unicellular organisms like bacteria and protists according to the information presented?

<p>Binary fission (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is formed from chromatids being pulled to opposite poles of the cell during Anaphase in mitosis?

<p>Daughter chromosomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of mitosis in plant cells based on the text?

<p>Cell division (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Parenchyma tissue?

<p>Absorbing nutrients in the digestive system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of dermal tissue in plants?

<p>Protects the plant from external factors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle tissue is characterized by being voluntary, striated, and facilitating movements like peristalsis?

<p>Smooth Muscle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is meristematic tissue primarily found in plants?

<p>Root tips (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Cuboidal Epithelium from Columnar Epithelium?

<p>Tall, column-like cells specialized in absorption and secretion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of meristematic tissue in plants?

<p>Contributing to plant growth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of Xylem in plants?

<p>Facilitating blood circulation in the heart (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of connective tissue is responsible for storing fat and providing insulation?

<p>Bone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of plant tissue aids in reducing water loss via transpiration?

<p>Dermal tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates Cardiac Muscle from Skeletal Muscle?

<p>Voluntary, striated muscle moving bones and structures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of cells in meristematic tissue?

<p>Small nucleus and dense cytoplasm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plant tissue is responsible for the growth regions of a plant?

<p>Meristematic tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epithelial tissue is best suited for areas of high mechanical or chemical stress?

<p>Columnar Epithelium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of Phloem cells compared to Xylem cells?

<p>Being dead at maturity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lateral meristems in plants?

<p>Enable thickness growth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do permanent tissues differ from meristematic tissues in plants?

<p>Permanent tissues do not divide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of animal tissue serves a regenerative function by replacing old and damaged cells?

<p>Muscle Tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the cuticle in dermal tissue?

<p>Protect from external factors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specialized role do sieve tube elements in Phloem tissue fulfill?

<p>Facilitating blood circulation in the heart (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of plant tissue aids in reducing water loss via transpiration?

<p>Dermal tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes cytokinesis in plant cells from that in animal cells?

<p>Formation of a cell plate and development of a new cell wall (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a fundamental characteristic of cancer cells regarding their response to growth inhibition signals?

<p>They continue to multiply disregarding signals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to cancer cells' dangerous ability to invade other tissues and spread throughout the body?

<p>Metastasis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cancer arises in connective tissues such as bone, cartilage, and muscle?

<p>Sarcomas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of malignant tumors?

<p>They can spread to other body parts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a conventional treatment technique that utilizes chemicals to target rapidly dividing cancer cells?

<p>Chemotherapy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do tumors stimulate angiogenesis, encouraging the formation of new blood vessels?

<p>To facilitate growth and spread (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What misconception involves viewing cancer as an inevitable death sentence?

<p>Fatalism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the affectation of the blood, lymphatic, and immune systems by cancers?

<p>Leukemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do some cancer cells not respond to biochemical signals that inhibit growth?

<p>Mutations that affect signal pathways (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outermost layer of a dicotyledonous root that features root hairs for increased water and mineral absorption?

<p>Epidermis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the cortex in a dicotyledonous root does not have a waterproof cuticle allowing for easy water absorption?

<p>Epidermis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure in the dicotyledonous root serves as a water-impermeable barrier and helps control water entry into the vascular cylinder?

<p>Endodermis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the pericycle in the stele of a dicotyledonous root?

<p>Production of lateral roots (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plant type is typically characterized by a taproot system in its root anatomy?

<p>Carrots (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In dicotyledonous plants, what develops from the radicle during germination to form the primary root of the root system?

<p>Taproot (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plant part transports sugars and nutrients produced by photosynthesis?

<p>Stem (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pericycle in dicotyledonous plants?

<p>Secondary vascular tissue formation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tissues store nutrients in the stem of dicotyledonous plants?

<p>Parenchyma cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In dicotyledonous plants, what structures are arranged in rings with phloem on the outer side and xylem on the inner side?

<p>Vascular bundles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of root system is common in monocotyledonous plants and forms a shallow, mat-like structure?

<p>Fibrous Root System (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of roots in plants?

<p>Anchoring and Nutrient Uptake (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plant tissue features the Casparian strip responsible for regulating water flow to the xylem and phloem?

<p>Endodermis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue in the roots of plants provides mechanical support and strength?

<p>Collenchyma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the cambium play in dicotyledonous plants?

<p>Production of new phloem and xylem (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cambium tissue in plant stems?

<p>Producing new xylem and phloem tissues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plant stem tissue contributes to lateral root growth and structural integrity?

<p>Pericycle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In dicotyledonous plants, what happens to older xylem layers as new layers are added?

<p>They become heartwood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of collenchyma and sclerenchyma tissues in plant stems?

<p>Structural support and strength (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which root function involves the absorption of water and dissolved minerals from the soil?

<p>Nutrient Uptake (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stem tissue is responsible for the transport of water, minerals, and organic substances in plants?

<p>Vascular bundles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In dicotyledonous stems, where does the stem develop from?

<p>Epicotyl (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plant group features plants that typically have a single main woody stem?

<p>Trees (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of stems in plants regarding nutrients and water?

<p>Transport (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stem tissue is located in the vascular bundles and ensures efficient nutrient distribution in plants?

<p>Phloem (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key function of the epidermis in dicotyledonous stems?

<p>Minimizing water loss (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of skeletons consist of a fluid-filled cavity and are found in organisms like jellyfish and earthworms?

<p>Hydrostatic skeletons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which skeletal type offers rapid healing due to its fluid nature but lacks rigid support and requires organisms to live in moist environments?

<p>Hydrostatic skeletons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of skeleton requires moulting for growth and can be cumbersome, limiting the size and agility of the organism?

<p>Chitinous skeletons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of skeleton offers flexibility, energy efficiency, and can recover faster from damage due to its fluid dynamics?

<p>Hydrostatic skeletons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic defines exoskeletons found in arthropods like insects and crustaceans?

<p>Chitin armor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of skeleton offers protection against physical damage and supports diverse physical adaptations in arthropods?

<p>Calcified exoskeletons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which skeletal type facilitates movement through narrow spaces by contracting muscles against fluid pressure?

<p>Hydrostatic skeletons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of skeleton requires less energy for movement due to its fluid dynamics but lacks solid support?

<p>Hydrostatic skeletons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What advantage do calcified exoskeletons provide arthropods concerning leverage points for muscle attachment?

<p>Effective movement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of tendons in the musculoskeletal system?

<p>Connecting muscles to bones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drawback is associated with the growth of chitinous exoskeletons in arthropods?

<p>Moulting necessity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue is gradually ossified into bone during growth?

<p>Cartilage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes fibrous joints from synovial joints?

<p>Absence of movement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what process is cartilage replaced by bone tissue as a child grows?

<p>Ossification (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of bones is crucial for nutrient and waste transport?

<p>Osteocytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of ligaments in the musculoskeletal system?

<p>Supporting joint stability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which role do antagonistic muscles play in controlling movement?

<p>Transferring force between tissues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes synovial joints from fibrous joints?

<p>Enable free movement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What provides hardness and flexibility to bones?

<p>Mineral salts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cartilage at joints?

<p>Offering support and flexibility (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Cork Cambium in perennial plants?

<p>Strengthening the stem and protecting vascular tissues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Root Hairs in plants?

<p>Absorbing water and minerals from the soil (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism through which water absorption primarily occurs in plant root hairs?

<p>Osmosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Casparian strip in the endodermis of plant roots?

<p>Blocking the Apoplast Pathway for water movement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for the movement of water and minerals from the roots to the leaves in plants?

<p>Translocation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue strengthens the stem and protects vascular tissues in plants?

<p>Pericycle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What initiates root pressure aiding in the movement of water up through the xylem?

<p>Osmosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the plant protects vascular tissues and contributes to radial growth?

<p>Vascular Cambium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do mineral salts move into plant cells from the soil?

<p>Active Transport (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pathway allows water to move through the cell walls and intercellular spaces until reaching the Casparian strip?

<p>Apoplast Pathway (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ligaments within joints?

<p>Providing stability to joints (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do tendons contribute to energy efficiency during locomotion?

<p>Storing and releasing energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are antagonistic muscles important for controlled movements at joints?

<p>For smooth and controlled movements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of cartilage in joint function?

<p>Acting as a cushion and reducing friction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hierarchical order of skeletal muscle structure from basic units to entire muscle?

<p>Myofibrils, Muscle Fibers, Fascicles, Muscle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key interaction involved in muscle contraction according to the sliding filament model?

<p>Actin sliding over myosin filaments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of myosin filaments during muscle contraction?

<p>Shortening the actin filaments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein primarily makes up actin filaments involved in muscle contraction?

<p>Actin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ligaments?

<p>To stabilize joints (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of tendons in muscle-bone connection?

<p>Connecting bones to muscles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of endoskeletons in vertebrates?

<p>Facilitating growth by enabling continuous development without periodic replacement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What advantage do endoskeletons offer over exoskeletons?

<p>Enhanced growth accommodation without periodic moulting (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is a disadvantage of endoskeletons in vertebrates?

<p>Less protection from external threats compared to exoskeletons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In human anatomy, which type of bones primarily provide protection for internal organs?

<p>Flat Bones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the vertebral column in the human skeleton?

<p>Protecting internal organs like the heart and lungs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category of bones in the human skeleton acts as levers for large movements?

<p>Long Bones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the rib cage in the human skeleton?

<p>Protecting internal organs like the heart and lungs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the human skeleton is essential for protecting the brain and forming the structure of the face?

<p>Skull (Cranium and Mandible) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bones in the human skeleton primarily provide stability and support with slight movements?

<p>Short Bones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pelvic girdle in the human skeleton?

<p>Supporting the lower limbs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the root system of dicotyledonous plants?

<p>Having a taproot system with a primary root and secondary roots (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the endodermis in dicotyledonous roots?

<p>Acting as a water-impermeable barrier for controlled water entry (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the dicotyledonous root is responsible for significantly increasing the surface area available for water and mineral absorption?

<p>Epidermis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of the cortex in dicotyledonous root anatomy?

<p>Parenchyma cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in the dicotyledonous root can give rise to lateral roots?

<p>Pericycle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Casparian strip in dicotyledonous root anatomy?

<p>Prevents uncontrolled water entry into the vascular cylinder (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the xylem play in plants?

<p>Transports water and minerals up the plant (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue layer in the stem helps prevent water loss and may contain stomata for respiration?

<p>Epidermis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of roots in plants?

<p>Store water and dissolved minerals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of root system is common in monocotyledonous plants?

<p>Adventitious root system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the cambium play in dicotyledonous plants?

<p>Facilitates secondary growth in stems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells contribute to the mechanical support and strength of roots?

<p>Sclerenchyma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes tap roots from fibrous roots?

<p>Fibrous roots have a primary root with secondary roots (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the stem produces new tissue?

<p>Cambium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue layer in the stem serves to store nutrients and participate in gaseous exchange?

<p>Parenchyma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pericycle in plant stems?

<p>Produces new vascular tissues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of xylem in plants?

<p>Transporting water and mineral salts from roots (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plant root layer features the Casparian strip regulating water flow?

<p>Endodermis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of transpiration in plant physiology?

<p>Driving upward water transport from roots to leaves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stem function involves positioning for optimal sunlight exposure?

<p>Support (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do dicotyledonous plants differ from monocotyledonous plants based on stem anatomy?

<p>Dicots begin growth with a radicle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stem tissue type is responsible for the transport of water and minerals?

<p>Xylem (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the epidermis in dicotyledonous stems?

<p>Provide protective outer layer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do vascular bundles play in plant stems?

<p>Transporting water and nutrients (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plant type has multiple woody stems growing from the base?

<p>Shrubs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the growth of a dicotyledonous stem initiated?

<p>Radicle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of hydrostatic skeletons in organisms like jellyfish and starfish?

<p>Allow movement by muscle contraction against fluid pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which advantage of exoskeletons enables arthropods to have diverse feeding and defense mechanisms?

<p>Facilitates a variety of physical adaptations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What environmental condition must organisms with hydrostatic skeletons reside in to prevent desiccation?

<p>Moist or aquatic environments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the anatomy of exoskeletons in arthropods specifically aid in effective movement?

<p>Provides an external leverage point for muscle attachment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do hydrostatic skeletons offer flexibility to organisms such as jellyfish and earthworms?

<p>Enable organisms to adapt shape to environmental conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage associated with exoskeletons that contain chitin or calcium carbonate?

<p>Requires moulting for growth accommodation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature of hydrostatic skeletons allows organisms in this category to move through narrow spaces?

<p>Flexibility to adapt shape to the environment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of organisms do we commonly find exoskeletons made of chitin or calcium carbonate?

<p>Arthropods like insects and crustaceans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes hydrostatic skeletons from exoskeletons in terms of support and mobility?

<p>Lack of solid support for mobility on land (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do exoskeletons differ from hydrostatic skeletons in terms of their response to environmental constraints?

<p>Need moulting for accommodating growth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cork cambium in a plant stem?

<p>Producing cork cells for bark protection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure regulates the movement of water and nutrients into the vascular bundles in a plant stem?

<p>Endodermis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of root anatomy, what is the main function of osmosis through root hairs?

<p>Facilitate water absorption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pathway does water move through in a plant root until reaching the Casparian strip in the endodermis?

<p>Apoplast Pathway (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the Casparian strip located at the endodermis in a plant root?

<p>To block the symplast pathway (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process is responsible for the movement of water and minerals from the roots to the leaves in plants?

<p>Translocation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The mechanism of movement where water enters and exits cells through the plasma membrane is known as:

<p>Transmembrane Pathway (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue layer strengthens the stem and protects vascular tissues in a plant stem?

<p>Pericycle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specifically creates pressure to help push water up through the xylem towards the leaves in plants?

<p>Root Pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plant structure is involved in the production of cork cells for bark protection in woody stems?

<p>Cork Cambium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of endoskeletons in vertebrates?

<p>Enable diverse forms of movement and provide support. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is a common disadvantage of endoskeletons compared to exoskeletons?

<p>Increased vulnerability to external threats. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the vertebral column in the human body?

<p>Support the weight of the body and provide structural integrity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category of bones includes the carpals in the wrists and tarsals in the ankles?

<p>Short Bones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the pectoral girdle in the human skeleton?

<p>Support the upper limbs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the human skeleton primarily protects the heart and lungs?

<p>Rib Cage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the cervical vertebrae in the vertebral column?

<p>Forming the neck region. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are flat bones like the sternum and scapula crucial in the human body?

<p>Protect internal organs and offer a broad muscle attachment surface. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bones are essential for large movements and act as levers in the human body?

<p>Long Bones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the axial skeleton in the human body?

<p>Form the central axis and protect internal organs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of bones in the musculoskeletal system?

<p>Support and flexibility at joints (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique characteristic of cartilage that distinguishes it from other tissues?

<p>Does not have blood vessels or nerves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of joint allows free movement in various directions?

<p>Synovial joints (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of tendons in the musculoskeletal system?

<p>Attach muscles to bones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do muscles typically operate in pairs known as antagonistic pairs?

<p>To control movement by contracting and relaxing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of bones in locomotion?

<p>Provide support and weight-bearing ability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are joints essential in locomotion?

<p>Connect bones and enable movement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates tendons from ligaments in their function?

<p>Tendons connect muscles to bones, ligaments connect bones to other bones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of antagonistic muscle pairs in controlling movement?

<p>To control movement by contracting and relaxing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the musculoskeletal system, what is the primary function of ligaments?

<p>Connect bones to other bones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of tendons in the human body?

<p>Attaching muscles to bones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are ligaments essential in joint function?

<p>Provide stability and prevent dislocations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In muscle contraction, what is the primary role of myosin filaments?

<p>Sliding over actin filaments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do antagonistic muscles contribute to joint movement?

<p>One muscle contracts while the other relaxes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cartilage in joints?

<p>Help maintain proper alignment of joints (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hierarchical structure of skeletal muscles made of?

<p>Myofibrils, muscle fibers, and fascicles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the sliding filament model of muscle contraction?

<p>Thick and thin filaments slide over each other (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are actin and myosin filaments significant in muscle function?

<p>They slide over each other to generate force (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of fascicles in skeletal muscles?

<p>Contain myofibrils for contraction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do muscle fibers contribute to muscle movement?

<p>Containing myofibrils for muscle function (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of roots in dicotyledonous plants?

<p>Anchorage to the ground and food storage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the dicotyledonous root system features the Casparian strip?

<p>Endodermis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the cortex in dicotyledonous root anatomy?

<p>Nutrient storage and water movement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the root is responsible for the development of lateral roots?

<p>Pericycle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the taproot system in dicotyledonous plants?

<p>Provides a primary root for development (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the dicotyledonous root stores nutrients and aids in water movement?

<p>Cortex (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the xylem in plants?

<p>Transporting water and minerals up the plant (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue layer in the stem may contain collenchyma cells and parenchyma cells for support and storage?

<p>Cortex (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of root system is commonly seen in monocotyledonous plants?

<p>Fibrous Root System (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which root function involves the absorption of water and dissolved minerals from the soil?

<p>Nutrient Uptake (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the pericycle in dicotyledonous roots?

<p>Contributing to the formation of secondary roots (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stem tissue layer is positioned in a ring arrangement with phloem on the outer side and xylem on the inner side?

<p>Vascular Bundles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What evolutionary advantage does the fibrous root system offer to monocotyledonous plants?

<p>Increased adaptability to various soils (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which function is NOT typically associated with root systems in plants?

<p>Photosynthesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the epidermis in the stem of dicotyledonous plants?

<p>Protection against pathogens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of root system originates from the radicle in plant embryos during germination?

<p>Tap Root System (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key component of bones that provides both hardness and flexibility?

<p>Mineral salts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of joint allows for no movement between bones, example being the skull bones?

<p>Fibrous joints (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What tissue is gradually transformed into bone during growth?

<p>Cartilage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue is responsible for connecting bones to other bones?

<p>Ligament (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of muscle pair controls forearm movement by contracting and relaxing?

<p>Triceps and Deltoids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is the main function of antagonistic muscles pairs in the body?

<p>Control movement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do tendons play in the musculoskeletal system?

<p>Attach muscles to bones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tissues is rich in collagen and proteoglycans and provides support and flexibility at joints?

<p>Cartilage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the crucial function of synovial fluid within joints?

<p>Reduces friction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tissues is known for not containing blood vessels or nerves?

<p>Cartilage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Endodermis in plant stems?

<p>Regulation of water and nutrient movement into vascular bundles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plant structure primarily distributes sugars from photosynthetic parts?

<p>Phloem (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of Root Hairs in the absorption of water and minerals?

<p>Increasing the surface area available for absorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pathway in the root does water move along without crossing cell membranes?

<p>Apoplast Pathway (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Cork Cambium develop from in woody stems?

<p>Cortex (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process helps push water up through the xylem towards the leaves in plants?

<p>Root Pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the Casparian strip located that blocks water movement in the root?

<p>Endodermis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature of annual rings in woody stems indicates environmental conditions and plant age?

<p>Distinct Patterns of Growth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the Pericycle in plant stems?

<p>Strengthens the stem (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Casparian strip at the endodermis in plant roots?

<p>Blocking water movement in the Apoplast Pathway (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of ligaments in joints?

<p>Prevent excessive movements that could lead to dislocations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is the function of tendons in muscle-bone interaction?

<p>Connect muscles to bones to ensure precise and effective movements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are antagonistic muscles essential for controlled movements?

<p>To work in opposition to move bones smoothly and efficiently (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of cartilage in the context of joints?

<p>Act as the smooth, elastic tissue covering the ends of bones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hierarchical structure of skeletal muscle downwards from the muscle level?

<p>Myofibrils, Muscle Fibers, Fascicles, Muscle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What proteins are involved in muscle contraction within the sarcomeres?

<p>Actin Filaments and Myosin Filaments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary energy source for the muscle contraction process?

<p>Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do antagonistic muscles work in opposition to each other?

<p>To create smooth and controlled movements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of fascicles in skeletal muscles?

<p>Group muscle fibers together into bundles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do ligaments contribute to joint stability?

<p>By preventing dislocations through limiting excessive movements (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of skeleton has a fluid-filled cavity surrounded by muscles, allowing organisms to move by contracting muscles against fluid pressure?

<p>Hydrostatic skeletons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which advantage of hydrostatic skeletons allows organisms to adapt their shape to environmental conditions?

<p>Flexibility (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of environment must organisms with hydrostatic skeletons reside to prevent desiccation?

<p>Moist or aquatic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary material that makes up exoskeletons providing external protection and support to arthropods?

<p>Chitin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disadvantage of exoskeletons requires moulting during growth spurts, making organisms vulnerable?

<p>Growth Limitation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature of exoskeletons provides leverage points for muscle attachment, aiding in effective movement?

<p>Support for Muscular Attachment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which major drawback of hydrostatic skeletons limits the size and mobility of organisms that have them on land?

<p>Lack of Rigid Support (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic advantage of exoskeletons that allows for the facilitation of various physical adaptations?

<p>Diversity in Physical Adaptations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of organisms are hydrostatic skeletons predominantly found due to their fluid dynamics requiring less energy for movement?

<p>Jellyfish and starfish (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What environmental factor limits the terrestrial mobility of organisms with exoskeletons?

<p>Lack of Water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Phloem in plants?

<p>Transporting water and minerals from roots to leaves (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of a dicotyledonous root features the Casparian strip that regulates water flow?

<p>Endodermis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which plant category is typically under 1 meter in height and has multiple woody stems growing from the base?

<p>Shrubs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of stems in plants?

<p>Supporting and positioning leaves for optimal sunlight exposure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In dicotyledonous plants, what is the primary role of the cambium?

<p>Produce new xylem and phloem tissues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What facilitates the upward transport of water and mineral salts in plants?

<p>Xylem and Phloem (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the transpirational pull in plants?

<p>Driving the upward movement of water and nutrients (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What tissues in plant stems provide structural integrity and resilience?

<p>Collenchyma and Sclerenchyma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following participates in the production of new xylem and phloem tissues in plants?

<p>Cambium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What plays a crucial role in transpiration and aids in the plant's ability to maintain turgidity?

<p>Transpirational pull (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of endoskeletons in vertebrates?

<p>To support internal organs from impact and damage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key advantage of long bones in the human skeleton?

<p>Enable large movements and act as levers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant disadvantage of endoskeletons compared to exoskeletons?

<p>Increased vulnerability to diseases and infections (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category of bones in the human skeleton provides primarily protection for internal organs?

<p>Flat Bones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the human skeleton, what is the function of the axial skeleton?

<p>Provide protection for internal organs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many fused bones typically form the coccygeal vertebrae in the human skeleton?

<p>Four (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key function of the pelvic girdle in the human skeleton?

<p>Support the lower limbs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bones, like the carpals, provide stability and support with slight movements?

<p>Short Bones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the human skeleton protects the heart and lungs?

<p>Rib Cage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What plays a crucial role in the adaptation of organisms to diverse habitats?

<p>Skeleton evolution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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