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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of organomercurial diuretics?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of organomercurial diuretics?
- They can cause hyperkalemia (correct)
- They are effective in reducing edema
- They are used to treat heart failure
- They are used to treat hypertension
Which of the following is a mechanism of action of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?
Which of the following is a mechanism of action of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?
- Inhibition of aldosterone receptors
- Inhibition of H+/K+-ATPase
- Inhibition of sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule (correct)
- Inhibition of Na+/K+-ATPase
What is the primary advantage of using thiazide diuretics over loop diuretics?
What is the primary advantage of using thiazide diuretics over loop diuretics?
- Fewer side effects
- Greater efficacy in reducing blood pressure (correct)
- Longer duration of action
- Less potent diuretic effect
What is the consequence of the acidic nature of thiazide diuretics?
What is the consequence of the acidic nature of thiazide diuretics?
Which of the following modifications would increase the activity of spironolactone?
Which of the following modifications would increase the activity of spironolactone?
What is the primary mechanism of action of spironolactone?
What is the primary mechanism of action of spironolactone?
Which of the following is a characteristic of loop diuretics?
Which of the following is a characteristic of loop diuretics?
What is the consequence of the formation of water-soluble salts by thiazide diuretics?
What is the consequence of the formation of water-soluble salts by thiazide diuretics?
Study Notes
Disadvantages of Organomercurials as Diuretics
- Require parenteral administration
- Tolerance can develop
- Toxicity
- Does not result in hyperkalemia
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
- Structure: Not specified (options A, B, C, or D)
- Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the reaction: H2CO3 ⇌ H2O + CO2
Thiazide Diuretics
- Acidic nature affects: formation of water-soluble salts
- Long duration of action not affected by acidic nature
- Enhanced membrane permeability not affected by acidic nature
Modification of Thiazide Diuretics
- Addition of an electron donating group to position 6: decreases activity
- Retention of double bond between position 3 and 4: decreases activity
- Increasing lipophilicity of the molecule: decreases activity
- All modifications decrease activity
Spironolactone
- Decreases reabsorption of Na+ and Cl– ions along with accompanying water
- Does not prevent conversion of receptor to its inactive form
- Does not enhance binding of aldosterone to receptor
- Does not decrease reabsorption of K+ ions along with accompanying water
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Description
Revision quiz for chemistry of diuretics in preparation for the June/July examination. Test your knowledge of diuretic agents, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and more.
