8 Questions
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of organomercurial diuretics?
They can cause hyperkalemia
Which of the following is a mechanism of action of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?
Inhibition of sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule
What is the primary advantage of using thiazide diuretics over loop diuretics?
Greater efficacy in reducing blood pressure
What is the consequence of the acidic nature of thiazide diuretics?
Increased formation of water-soluble salts
Which of the following modifications would increase the activity of spironolactone?
The addition of an electron-withdrawing group to position 6
What is the primary mechanism of action of spironolactone?
Inhibition of aldosterone receptors
Which of the following is a characteristic of loop diuretics?
They inhibit the sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter
What is the consequence of the formation of water-soluble salts by thiazide diuretics?
Decreased duration of action
Study Notes
Disadvantages of Organomercurials as Diuretics
- Require parenteral administration
- Tolerance can develop
- Toxicity
- Does not result in hyperkalemia
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
- Structure: Not specified (options A, B, C, or D)
- Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the reaction: H2CO3 ⇌ H2O + CO2
Thiazide Diuretics
- Acidic nature affects: formation of water-soluble salts
- Long duration of action not affected by acidic nature
- Enhanced membrane permeability not affected by acidic nature
Modification of Thiazide Diuretics
- Addition of an electron donating group to position 6: decreases activity
- Retention of double bond between position 3 and 4: decreases activity
- Increasing lipophilicity of the molecule: decreases activity
- All modifications decrease activity
Spironolactone
- Decreases reabsorption of Na+ and Cl– ions along with accompanying water
- Does not prevent conversion of receptor to its inactive form
- Does not enhance binding of aldosterone to receptor
- Does not decrease reabsorption of K+ ions along with accompanying water
Revision quiz for chemistry of diuretics in preparation for the June/July examination. Test your knowledge of diuretic agents, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and more.
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