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Chemistry of Diuretics Revision

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of organomercurial diuretics?

They can cause hyperkalemia (correct)

They are effective in reducing edema

They are used to treat heart failure

They are used to treat hypertension

Which of the following is a mechanism of action of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?

Inhibition of aldosterone receptors

Inhibition of H+/K+-ATPase

Inhibition of sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule (correct)

Inhibition of Na+/K+-ATPase

What is the primary advantage of using thiazide diuretics over loop diuretics?

Fewer side effects

Greater efficacy in reducing blood pressure (correct)

Longer duration of action

Less potent diuretic effect

What is the consequence of the acidic nature of thiazide diuretics?

Increased formation of water-soluble salts Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following modifications would increase the activity of spironolactone?

The addition of an electron-withdrawing group to position 6 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of spironolactone?

Inhibition of aldosterone receptors Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of loop diuretics?

They inhibit the sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of the formation of water-soluble salts by thiazide diuretics?

Decreased duration of action Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Disadvantages of Organomercurials as Diuretics

Require parenteral administration
Tolerance can develop
Toxicity
Does not result in hyperkalemia

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

Structure: Not specified (options A, B, C, or D)
Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the reaction: H2CO3 ⇌ H2O + CO2

Thiazide Diuretics

Acidic nature affects: formation of water-soluble salts
Long duration of action not affected by acidic nature
Enhanced membrane permeability not affected by acidic nature

Modification of Thiazide Diuretics

Addition of an electron donating group to position 6: decreases activity
Retention of double bond between position 3 and 4: decreases activity
Increasing lipophilicity of the molecule: decreases activity
All modifications decrease activity

Spironolactone

Decreases reabsorption of Na+ and Cl– ions along with accompanying water
Does not prevent conversion of receptor to its inactive form
Does not enhance binding of aldosterone to receptor
Does not decrease reabsorption of K+ ions along with accompanying water

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Description

Revision quiz for chemistry of diuretics in preparation for the June/July examination. Test your knowledge of diuretic agents, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and more.