Chemistry of Borax Loaded CMC-g-cl-poly(AAm) Composites

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Questions and Answers

What mechanism does the dynamic release of borate ions (BO32-3) from the synthesized composite hydrogels follow?

Fickian diffusion mechanism (correct)

Maxwell's equation of diffusion

Thermodynamic spreading mechanism

Local equilibrium diffusion

Which factor primarily contributes to the slow release of boron from the hydrogel composites?

The concentration of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose

The type of soil used for application

The mechanical strength of the composites (correct)

The molecular weight of acrylamide

What is the role of borax in the preparation of CMC-g-cl-poly(AAm) hydrogel composites?

To enhance the water-soluble properties

To improve the electrical conductivity of the gels

To act as a stabilizing agent for soil nutrients

As a crosslinker for polysaccharide chains (correct)

What technique was used to develop the boron delivery device in the hydrogel composites?

Free radical polymerization Signup and view all the answers

Why is the use efficiency of boron considered low in agricultural practices?

Micronutrient absorption is hindered by acidic soils Signup and view all the answers

What is one significant characteristic of the borax-loaded hydrogel composites indicated by the characterization techniques used?

Extensive crosslinking of cellulosic chains Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following properties was NOT studied in the synthesized borax-loaded hydrogel composites?

Optical properties Signup and view all the answers

Which agricultural challenge does the development of boron delivery devices specifically address?

Low micronutrient availability in soil Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of conducting strain tests on the borax loaded CMC-g-cl-poly(AAm) composites?

To assess mechanical stability over varying frequencies Signup and view all the answers

How is the weight of the swollen BSAPCs calculated during the swelling investigation?

By calculating the difference between dry and wet weights post-immersion Signup and view all the answers

What parameters are primarily used to calculate the grafting yield (Gy) of the BSAPCs?

Weight of xerogel and weight of swollen BSAPCs upon equilibration Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism is predominantly responsible for the release of water in the borax loaded CMC-g-cl-poly(AAm) composites?

Diffusion based on concentration gradients Signup and view all the answers

At what constant temperature are the BSAPCs kept for swelling equilibrium?

30°C Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of using a controlled strain mode in the frequency sweep tests?

To analyze the linear viscoelastic region (LVR) Signup and view all the answers

What role does MBA play in the synthesis of borax loaded CMC-g-cl-poly(AAm) composites?

It serves as a cross-linking agent Signup and view all the answers

Which equation is used to calculate the water absorption capacity (QH2O) of the BSAPCs?

$QH2O = \frac{We - Wx}{Wx}$ Signup and view all the answers

How does the incorporation of borax influence the mechanical properties of BSAPCs?

It results in a mechanically tougher composite. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is critical in determining the release kinetics of borate ions from BSAPCs?

The borax content in the composite. Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of the mechanical properties comparison between BSAPC-E1 and BSAPC-E4?

BSAPC-E4 demonstrates a significant increase in mechanical toughness. Signup and view all the answers

What kind of synthesis is depicted in the schematic diagram provided for the polymer composites?

Chemical polymerization involving multiple chemical agents. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is primarily influenced by the loading of borax in the BSAPC composites?

Mechanical toughness as indicated by elasticity values. Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about the FT-IR spectra of BSAPC-E3?

Absence of certain bands indicates successful loading of borax. Signup and view all the answers

Which composite demonstrates the lowest elasticity value according to the data provided?

BSAPC-E1 Signup and view all the answers

What does the synthesis process of BSAPC involve, according to the schematic?

Combination of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and chemically reactive agents. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Borax Loaded CMC-g-cl-poly(AAm) Composites

Borax loaded CMC-g-cl-poly(AAm) composites were synthesized by in situ grafting of acrylamide (AM) onto sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) in the presence of borax.
The composites were prepared using free radical polymerization, where AM, MBA, APS, and borax were dissolved in distilled water.
The grafting yield (Gy) and grafting efficiency (Ge) were calculated to characterize the composites synthesis process.
Composites with higher borax content showed greater mechanical toughness, indicated by higher E values and higher r values.

Swelling Investigation

Swelling investigations were conducted using accurately weighed BSAPCs (0.1 g, particle size < 63μm) immersed in distilled water at 30°C.
The water absorption capacity (QH2O) was calculated using the equation: QH2O = (We - Wx)/Wx
Here, Wx represents the weight of xerogel or BSAPCs in glassy state, while We denotes the weight of swollen BSAPCs at equilibration.

Characterization by FT-IR and XRD

FT-IR spectroscopy revealed the presence of characteristic bands related to borate ion (BO32−3), indicating successful loading of borax in the composite matrix of BSAPCs.
This suggests that partial in situ hydrolysis of borax occurs during the polymerization reaction.
XRD and FT-IR analysis confirmed the successful loading of borax in the BSAPC matrix and the formation of BO32−3.

Viscoelastic Properties

Viscoelastic properties of borax loaded CMC-g-cl-poly(AAm) hydrogel composites were studied using dynamic shear rheometry.
The viscoelastic properties were dependent on the borax content.
Composites with higher borax content exhibited higher E values and higher r values, indicating increased mechanical toughness.

Boron Nutrient Release Behavior

Boron (B) release from the synthesized composites followed a Fickian diffusion mechanism.
Composites with higher mechanical strength resulted in slower release of B.
The study aimed to develop a slow boron (B) delivery device using these composites.

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Description

This quiz covers the synthesis and properties of borax loaded CMC-g-cl-poly(AAm) composites. It includes methodologies for grafting acrylamide onto sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as well as swelling investigations to determine water absorption capacities. Prepare to explore the mechanical properties and the effects of borax content in the composites.