17 Questions
What is the main difference between alkalis and bases?
Alkalis release OH- group in water, while bases do not
What happens to the body when it experiences hypovolemic shock due to chemical burns?
The body becomes blue due to hypoxia
What is the result of the reaction between HNO3 and protein?
Formation of xanthoproteic acid, which is yellow
Why is milk better than water for neutralizing acid ingestion?
Milk has a soothing effect and is more viscous than water
What type of necrosis occurs with all alkalis?
Liquefactive necrosis
Why can't a base be used to neutralize an acid?
Because the reaction is exothermic
What is the condition known as in adults that is characterized by soft and weak bones?
Osteomalacia
What is the recommended daily sun exposure time for individuals with high melanin?
15 minutes
What are the possible skeletal deformities caused by Rickets?
Bowed legs, curvature of the spine, and thickening of the ankles
What is the role of vitamin C in the body?
It plays a role in collagen, carnitine, hormone, and amino acid formation
What is the name of the medication used to treat Vitamin D deficiency?
Drisdol
What is the primary cause of scurvy?
Severe vitamin C deficiency
What is the medical term for soft bones in adults?
Osteomalacia
Why are females more prone to vitamin D deficiency?
Because of their higher affinity to estrogen
What is the common symptom of vitamin D deficiency?
Fatigue and tiredness
What is the treatment for vitamin C deficiency?
Oral vitamin C supplements
What is the effect of vitamin C deficiency on iron absorption?
It impairs iron absorption
Study Notes
Alkalis and Bases
- Not all bases are alkalis, but all alkalis are bases.
- Alkalis are substances that dissolve in water and release OH- group.
- Bases are substances that may not dissolve in water and don't release OH- group.
pH and Effects
- pH level affects the strength of acids and bases.
- Stronger enzymes, tissues, and keratin of skin and nails can lose function due to protein denaturation.
- Fatty acid bubbles or ra8wa kda can form due to acid hematin formation.
- Saponification reaction can cause liquefactive necrosis.
Acid and Base Reactions
- HNO3 and picric acid react with protein to form xanthoproteic acid, which is yellow.
- Coagulative necrosis can occur with all acids except picric acid and HNO3.
- Liquefactive necrosis occurs with all alkalis.
Chemical Burns
- Chemical burns can lead to hypovolemic shock, which requires immediate surgical attention.
- The body may appear blue (central cyanosis) due to hypoxia.
First Aid and Treatment
- Neutralizing acid with a base is not recommended due to the exothermic reaction.
- Emesis (induced vomiting) is not recommended for acid ingestion.
- Gastric lavage is a treatment option, but may cause perforation of the gastrointestinal tract.
- Milk is better than water for acid ingestion due to its viscosity and soothing effect, forming a protective barrier.
This quiz covers the differences between alkalis and bases, including their properties and effects on pH, enzymes, and proteins. It also touches on the behavior of phenol and fatty acids.
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