Chemistry Nomenclature Test Study Guide

Nomenclature Test - Study Guide

• Upcoming Test: Tuesday, November 17th.
• Study Guide Topics: Ions (cation/anion), monatomic ions, polyatomic ions, ionic compounds, covalent compounds (molecular compounds).

Ionic Compounds

• Formation: Formed between metals (cations) and nonmetals (anions).
• Electron Behavior: Electrons are transferred from the metal to the nonmetal, creating positively charged cations and negatively charged anions.
• Representative Elements: Metals from groups 1 and 2, and nonmetals from groups 16 and 17 (and others).
• Examples: Potassium iodide (KI), magnesium oxide (MgO), tin(II) sulfide (SnS), aluminum chloride (AlCl₃), sodium nitrate (NaNO₃), calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), lithium sulfate (Li₂SO₄), beryllium phosphide (Be₃P₂), sodium phosphate (Na₃PO₄), chromium (VI) phosphate (Cr(PO₄)₂), aluminum carbonate (Al₂(CO₃)₃), calcium chloride (CaCl₂), sodium cyanide (NaCN), magnesium bromide (MgBr₂), lead (II) iodide (PbI₂), magnesium acetate (Mg(CH₃CO₂)₂), ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl), magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂), copper(II) sulfate (CuSO₄), silver sulfite (Ag₂(SO₃)), iron (III) phosphate (FePO₄), aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), calcium oxide (CaO)

Covalent Compounds (Molecular Compounds)

• Formation: Formed between nonmetals.
• Electron Behavior: Electrons are shared between atoms.
• Representative Elements: Nonmetals from various groups in the periodic table.
• Examples: Diboron tetrahydride (B₂H₄), nitrogen trichloride (NCl₃), nitrogen monoxide (NO), phosphorus pentafluoride (PF₅), oxygen difluoride (OF₂), dinitrogen trisulfide (N₂S₃), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), sulfur trioxide (SO₃), carbon monoxide (CO), diphosphorus tetrabromide (P₂Br₄), sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆), boron trifluoride (BF₃), phosphorus trihydride (PH₃), tin (II) chlorate (Sn(ClO₃)₂)

Essential Skills for the Test

• Neutral Element Naming: Write the name of a neutral element.
• Neutral Element Formula: Determine the chemical formula of a neutral element.
• Compound Formula from Name (Ionic): Write the chemical formula of an ionic compound from its name. Examples: potassium iodide (KI), magnesium oxide (MgO), tin(II) sulfide (SnS), aluminum chloride (AlCl₃), sodium nitrate (NaNO₃).
• Compound Name from Formula (Ionic): Write the name of an ionic compound from its chemical formula. Examples: aluminum chloride (AlCl₃), sodium phosphate (Na₃PO₄), chromium (VI) phosphate (Cr(PO₄)₂)
• Monatomic/Polyatomic Ion Naming: Write the name for monatomic and polyatomic ions.
• Monatomic/Polyatomic Ion Formula from Name: Determine the chemical formula of monatomic or polyatomic ions from their names.
• Ion Charge Prediction: Predict the charge of an ion based on its position on the periodic table.
• Cation/Anion Ratio Prediction: Predict the ratio of cation to anion needed for a neutral compound.

Ionic Compound Naming (Binary)

• Method: Name the cation first, then the anion (ending in "-ide").
• Example: NaCl = Sodium chloride

Ionic Compound Naming (Transition Metals)

• Method: Use Roman numerals to indicate the metal's charge (variable charge).
• Example: FeCl₃ = Iron(III) chloride, tin(II) sulfide (SnS)

Ionic Compound Naming (Polyatomic Ions)

• Method: Name the cation first, then the polyatomic ion (without changing its name).
• Example: NaNO₃ = Sodium nitrate

Ionic Compound Formula Writing

• Step 1: Determine the charges of the ions using the periodic table or polyatomic ion chart.
• Step 2: Balance the charges to reach a neutral compound (0 net charge).
• Step 3: Write the formula with the cation first, then the anion.
• Example: Mg²⁺ + 2Cl⁻ = MgCl₂

Covalent Compound Naming

• Method: Use prefixes (mono-, di-, tri-, etc.) to indicate the number of atoms of each element.
• Less Electronegative First: The less electronegative element is named first.
• Ide Ending: The second element's name ends in "-ide".
• Examples: CO = Carbon monoxide, CO₂ = Carbon dioxide, N₂O₄ = Dinitrogen tetroxide, nitrogen trichloride (NCl₃), phosphorus pentafluoride (PF₅),

Covalent Compound Formula Writing

• Method: Convert prefixes to subscripts in the formula.
• Example: Diphosphorus pentoxide = P₂O₅

Key Tips & Important Info

• Memorize Polyatomic Ions: A list of common polyatomic ions will NOT be provided.
• Periodic Table: Use the periodic table to predict ion charges.
• Practice: Work through many examples!

Example Problems (Updated):

• Ionic: Name KBr, Ca(NO₃)₂, Fe₂O₃, write Aluminum sulfate, Copper(I) oxide, magnesium acetate, ammonium chloride, beryllium hydroxide.
• Covalent: Name PCl₃, SF₆, Write Carbon tetrachloride, Dinitrogen pentoxide, phosphorus trihydride (PH₃), sulfur hexafluoride(SF₆), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂).