Chemistry Nomenclature Test Study Guide

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Questions and Answers

What is the correct name for CO₂?

Dicarbon oxide

Carbon dioxide (correct)

Carbon oxide

Carbon monoxide

Charges must be balanced when writing formulas for covalent compounds.

False

What prefix is used for 'three' in naming compounds?

tri

The formula for dinitrogen tetroxide is N₂O______.

4 Signup and view all the answers

Match the following covalent compounds with their correct formulas:

Carbon tetrachloride = CCl₄ Dinitrogen pentoxide = N₂O₅ Phosphorus trichloride = PCl₃ Sulfur hexafluoride = SF₆ Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes an ionic compound?

Formed between metals and non-metals with a transfer of electrons Signup and view all the answers

Covalent compounds require the use of Roman numerals to indicate the charges of the non-metals.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is a cation?

A positively charged ion. Signup and view all the answers

In naming ionic compounds, the anion's name is typically changed to end in _____ .

-ide Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms to their definitions:

Anion = Negatively charged ion Cation = Positively charged ion Monatomic Ion = Ion consisting of a single atom Polyatomic Ion = Ion consisting of two or more atoms Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct chemical formula for Magnesium chloride?

MgCl₂ Signup and view all the answers

Ionic compounds usually consist of only non-metals.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the Roman numeral in a compound like FeCl₃?

The charge of the iron ion. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following chemical formulas with their corresponding names:

KI = Potassium iodide MgO = Magnesium oxide SnS = Tin(II) sulfide AlCl₃ = Aluminum chloride B₂H₄ = Diboron tetrahydride NaNO₃ = Sodium nitrate CaCO₃ = Calcium carbonate NCl₃ = Nitrogen trichloride Li₂SO₄ = Lithium sulfate H₃PO₄ = Phosphoric acid Be₃P₂ = Beryllium phosphide Na₃PO₄ = Sodium phosphate Cr(PO₄)₂ = Chromium(VI) phosphate Al₂(CO₃)₃ = Aluminum carbonate NO = Nitrogen monoxide CaCl₂ = Calcium chloride NaCN = Sodium cyanide PF₅ = Phosphorus pentafluoride Al₂O₃ = Aluminum oxide Mg(CH₃CO₂)₂ = Magnesium acetate NH₄Cl = Ammonium chloride Mg(OH)₂ = Magnesium hydroxide OF₂ = Oxygen difluoride FePO₄ = Iron(III) phosphate MgBr₂ = Magnesium bromide PbI₂ = Lead(II) iodide N₂S₃ = Dinitrogen trisulfide NO₂ = Nitrogen dioxide NaBr = Sodium bromide Li₂S = Lithium sulfide SO₃ = Sulfur trioxide CaO = Calcium oxide CuSO₄ = Copper(II) sulfate Be(OH)₂ = Beryllium hydroxide Ag₂(SO₃) = Silver sulfite CO = Carbon monoxide P₂Br₄ = Diphosphorus tetrabromide Ni(OH)₃ = Nickel(III) hydroxide SF₆ = Sulfur hexafluoride BF₃ = Boron trifluoride PH₃ = Phosphorus trihydride Sn(ClO₃)₂ = Tin(II) chlorate Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for potassium iodide?

KI Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical name for MgO?

Magnesium oxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for aluminum chloride?

AlCl₃ Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical name for B₂H₄?

Diboron tetrahydride Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for sodium nitrate?

NaNO₃ Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical name for CaCO₃?

Calcium carbonate Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for nitrogen trichloride?

NCl₃ Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for phosphoric acid?

H₃PO₄ Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for sodium phosphate?

Na₃PO₄ Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical name for Cr(PO₄)₂?

Chromium(VI) phosphate Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for aluminum carbonate?

Al₂(CO₃)₃ Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for phosphorus pentafluoride?

PF₅ Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for magnesium acetate?

Mg(CH₃CO₂)₂ Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical name for NH₄Cl?

Ammonium chloride Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for magnesium hydroxide?

Mg(OH)₂ Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for iron(III) phosphate?

FePO₄ Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for lead(II) iodide?

PbI₂ Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for nitrogen dioxide?

NO₂ Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for sodium bromide?

NaBr Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for sulfur trioxide?

SO₃ Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for copper(II) sulfate?

CuSO₄ Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for beryllium hydroxide?

Be(OH)₂ Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical name for Ag₂(SO₃)?

Silver sulfite Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for carbon monoxide?

CO Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for nickel(III) hydroxide?

Ni(OH)₃ Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for sulfur hexafluoride?

SF₆ Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for phosphorus trihydride?

PH₃ Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nomenclature Test - Study Guide

Upcoming Test: Tuesday, November 17th.
Study Guide Topics: Ions (cation/anion), monatomic ions, polyatomic ions, ionic compounds, covalent compounds (molecular compounds).

Ionic Compounds

Formation: Formed between metals (cations) and nonmetals (anions).
Electron Behavior: Electrons are transferred from the metal to the nonmetal, creating positively charged cations and negatively charged anions.
Representative Elements: Metals from groups 1 and 2, and nonmetals from groups 16 and 17 (and others).
Examples: Potassium iodide (KI), magnesium oxide (MgO), tin(II) sulfide (SnS), aluminum chloride (AlCl₃), sodium nitrate (NaNO₃), calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), lithium sulfate (Li₂SO₄), beryllium phosphide (Be₃P₂), sodium phosphate (Na₃PO₄), chromium (VI) phosphate (Cr(PO₄)₂), aluminum carbonate (Al₂(CO₃)₃), calcium chloride (CaCl₂), sodium cyanide (NaCN), magnesium bromide (MgBr₂), lead (II) iodide (PbI₂), magnesium acetate (Mg(CH₃CO₂)₂), ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl), magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂), copper(II) sulfate (CuSO₄), silver sulfite (Ag₂(SO₃)), iron (III) phosphate (FePO₄), aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), calcium oxide (CaO)

Covalent Compounds (Molecular Compounds)

Formation: Formed between nonmetals.
Electron Behavior: Electrons are shared between atoms.
Representative Elements: Nonmetals from various groups in the periodic table.
Examples: Diboron tetrahydride (B₂H₄), nitrogen trichloride (NCl₃), nitrogen monoxide (NO), phosphorus pentafluoride (PF₅), oxygen difluoride (OF₂), dinitrogen trisulfide (N₂S₃), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), sulfur trioxide (SO₃), carbon monoxide (CO), diphosphorus tetrabromide (P₂Br₄), sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆), boron trifluoride (BF₃), phosphorus trihydride (PH₃), tin (II) chlorate (Sn(ClO₃)₂)

Essential Skills for the Test

Neutral Element Naming: Write the name of a neutral element.
Neutral Element Formula: Determine the chemical formula of a neutral element.
Compound Formula from Name (Ionic): Write the chemical formula of an ionic compound from its name. Examples: potassium iodide (KI), magnesium oxide (MgO), tin(II) sulfide (SnS), aluminum chloride (AlCl₃), sodium nitrate (NaNO₃).
Compound Name from Formula (Ionic): Write the name of an ionic compound from its chemical formula. Examples: aluminum chloride (AlCl₃), sodium phosphate (Na₃PO₄), chromium (VI) phosphate (Cr(PO₄)₂)
Monatomic/Polyatomic Ion Naming: Write the name for monatomic and polyatomic ions.
Monatomic/Polyatomic Ion Formula from Name: Determine the chemical formula of monatomic or polyatomic ions from their names.
Ion Charge Prediction: Predict the charge of an ion based on its position on the periodic table.
Cation/Anion Ratio Prediction: Predict the ratio of cation to anion needed for a neutral compound.

Ionic Compound Naming (Binary)

Method: Name the cation first, then the anion (ending in "-ide").
Example: NaCl = Sodium chloride

Ionic Compound Naming (Transition Metals)

Method: Use Roman numerals to indicate the metal's charge (variable charge).
Example: FeCl₃ = Iron(III) chloride, tin(II) sulfide (SnS)

Ionic Compound Naming (Polyatomic Ions)

Method: Name the cation first, then the polyatomic ion (without changing its name).
Example: NaNO₃ = Sodium nitrate

Ionic Compound Formula Writing

Step 1: Determine the charges of the ions using the periodic table or polyatomic ion chart.
Step 2: Balance the charges to reach a neutral compound (0 net charge).
Step 3: Write the formula with the cation first, then the anion.
Example: Mg²⁺ + 2Cl⁻ = MgCl₂

Covalent Compound Naming

Method: Use prefixes (mono-, di-, tri-, etc.) to indicate the number of atoms of each element.
Less Electronegative First: The less electronegative element is named first.
Ide Ending: The second element's name ends in "-ide".
Examples: CO = Carbon monoxide, CO₂ = Carbon dioxide, N₂O₄ = Dinitrogen tetroxide, nitrogen trichloride (NCl₃), phosphorus pentafluoride (PF₅),

Covalent Compound Formula Writing

Method: Convert prefixes to subscripts in the formula.
Example: Diphosphorus pentoxide = P₂O₅

Key Tips & Important Info

Memorize Polyatomic Ions: A list of common polyatomic ions will NOT be provided.
Periodic Table: Use the periodic table to predict ion charges.
Practice: Work through many examples!

Example Problems (Updated):

Ionic: Name KBr, Ca(NO₃)₂, Fe₂O₃, write Aluminum sulfate, Copper(I) oxide, magnesium acetate, ammonium chloride, beryllium hydroxide.
Covalent: Name PCl₃, SF₆, Write Carbon tetrachloride, Dinitrogen pentoxide, phosphorus trihydride (PH₃), sulfur hexafluoride(SF₆), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂).

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Description

Prepare for your upcoming nomenclature test with this comprehensive study guide. It covers essential topics such as ionic and covalent compounds, including their formation, electron behavior, and representative elements. Master the skills required to write names and formulas for neutral elements to excel in your exam.