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Questions and Answers
What is the naming convention for a Type I ionic compound?
What is the naming convention for a Type I ionic compound?
- Combine the names of both metals with no suffix.
- Use prefixes to indicate the number of each atom in the compound.
- Combine the name of the metal with the name of the nonmetal ending in '-ide'. (correct)
- Use Roman numerals to denote the charge of the nonmetal.
Which of the following metals is an exception to the typical naming conventions due to its fixed charge?
Which of the following metals is an exception to the typical naming conventions due to its fixed charge?
- Lead (Pb)
- Sodium (Na)
- Silver (Ag) (correct)
- Iron (Fe)
When naming a covalent compound, how is the prefix 'mono' used?
When naming a covalent compound, how is the prefix 'mono' used?
- It is always used for both elements.
- It can be used interchangeably with '-ide'.
- It is used only for the second element.
- It is never used for the first element. (correct)
What should you do first when provided with a chemical formula?
What should you do first when provided with a chemical formula?
Which of the following correctly identifies a Type II ionic compound?
Which of the following correctly identifies a Type II ionic compound?
What type of compound is Cobalt (I) bromide?
What type of compound is Cobalt (I) bromide?
Which of the following is an example of a covalent compound?
Which of the following is an example of a covalent compound?
How is the compound lithium acetate classified?
How is the compound lithium acetate classified?
Dinitrogen trioxide is an example of what type of compound?
Dinitrogen trioxide is an example of what type of compound?
What does the presence of prefixes like mono indicate in compound naming?
What does the presence of prefixes like mono indicate in compound naming?
What is the first step in the procedure for converting a chemical name to its formula for an ionic compound?
What is the first step in the procedure for converting a chemical name to its formula for an ionic compound?
In the process of forming the formula for a covalent compound, what role do prefixes play?
In the process of forming the formula for a covalent compound, what role do prefixes play?
When balancing the charges of an ionic compound, what should be done if the charges do not balance immediately?
When balancing the charges of an ionic compound, what should be done if the charges do not balance immediately?
Which of the following is an example of an ionic compound?
Which of the following is an example of an ionic compound?
What must be done at the end of the conversion process for an ionic compound?
What must be done at the end of the conversion process for an ionic compound?
Which of the following represents a polyatomic ion?
Which of the following represents a polyatomic ion?
What is the name of the ion with the formula NO3−?
What is the name of the ion with the formula NO3−?
Which prefix indicates that there are four atoms of an element in a polyatomic ion?
Which prefix indicates that there are four atoms of an element in a polyatomic ion?
Which of the following ions can be classified as a sulfate ion?
Which of the following ions can be classified as a sulfate ion?
What is the formula for the permanganate ion?
What is the formula for the permanganate ion?
What is the correct naming convention for the ionic compound formed from sodium and chlorine?
What is the correct naming convention for the ionic compound formed from sodium and chlorine?
Which of the following represents a Type 2 metal that requires explicit charge notation?
Which of the following represents a Type 2 metal that requires explicit charge notation?
Which of the following compounds would be identified as covalent?
Which of the following compounds would be identified as covalent?
What is the charge of the chromate ion?
What is the charge of the chromate ion?
When naming covalent compounds, which prefix is never used for the first element?
When naming covalent compounds, which prefix is never used for the first element?
If the compound has the formula KNO₃, how would it be named?
If the compound has the formula KNO₃, how would it be named?
Which of the following ions has a charge of 3-?
Which of the following ions has a charge of 3-?
In an ionic compound, if the charges of the constituent ions are not balanced, what should be done?
In an ionic compound, if the charges of the constituent ions are not balanced, what should be done?
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Study Notes
Naming Ionic and Covalent Compounds
- Ionic Compounds:
- Complete Name: If the full name of the compound is given, break it down into its constituent ions.
- Formula: If the formula is given, determine if it's ionic (Metal + Nonmetal) or covalent (Nonmetal + Nonmetal).
- Type 1: Metals have one possible charge, so the charge is implied.
- Type 2: Metals have multiple possible charges. The exact charge is explicitly stated using Roman numerals.
- Balancing: If the charges of the ions aren't equal, adjust the quantity of each ion to make the compound neutral.
- Covalent Compounds:
- Formula: If the formula is given, determine if it's ionic (Metal + Nonmetal) or covalent (Nonmetal + Nonmetal).
- Naming: Use prefixes to indicate the number of each atom in the compound. For example, CO₂ → carbon dioxide.
Exceptions
- Silver (Ag⁺), Cadmium (Cd²⁺), and Zinc (Zn²⁺): These metals have a charge other than their expected charge in some ionic compounds.
Polyatomic Ions
- Polyatomic Ions: Are groups of atoms that act as a single unit with a charge.
- Common Polyatomic Ions:
- Ammonium (NH₄⁺)
- Hydroxide (OH⁻)
- Cyanide (CN⁻)
- Chromate (CrO₄²⁻)
- Dichromate (Cr₂O₇²⁻)
- Nitrite (NO₂⁻)
- Nitrate (NO₃⁻)
- Sulfate (SO₄²⁻)
- Phosphate (PO₄³⁻)
- Permanganate (MnO₄⁻)
- Carbonate (CO₃²⁻)
- Hydrogen Carbonate (or Bicarbonate) (HCO₃⁻)
- Acetate (C₂H₃O₂⁻)
- Common Polyatomic Ions:
From Formula to Name
- Flowchart for Naming Compounds from Formulas:
- Identify: Ionic (metal + nonmetal) or covalent (nonmetal + nonmetal)?
- Ionic Compounds:
- Type I: Combine the metal name with the nonmetal name ending in "-ide".
- Type II: Determine the metal's charge using the Roman numeral, combine the metal name with the nonmetal ending in "-ide".
- Covalent Compounds: Use prefixes to indicate the number of each atom in the compound.
- Exceptions: Remember the exceptions for silver (Ag⁺), cadmium (Cd²⁺), and zinc (Zn²⁺).
Converting Names to Formulas
- Procedure for Converting Names to Formulas:
- Ionic Compounds:
- Identify: If the name is an ionic compound.
- Break down: Break the name into its constituent metal and nonmetal ions.
- Charges: Determine the charges of each ion.
- Balancing: Balance the charges of the cation and anion by adjusting the quantity of each ion to make the compound neutral.
- Cross Over: If the charges don't instantly balance, use the numbers representing the charges to indicate the quantity of each ion.
- Write: Write the formula using the balanced numbers/subscripts.
- Covalent Compounds:
- Identify: If the name is a covalent compound.
- Prefixes: Use prefixes to determine the number of each nonmetal atom in the name.
- Nonmetals: Determine the nonmetal elements involved.
- Write: Write the formula using the prefixes as subscripts to determine the compound.
- Ionic Compounds:
Polyatomic Ions
-
List of Polyatomic Ions with their Formulas and Names:
- (NH₄⁺) Ammonium ion
- (OH⁻) Hydroxide ion
- (CN⁻) Cyanide ion
- (CrO₄²⁻) Chromate ion
- (Cr₂O₇²⁻) Dichromate ion
- (NO₂⁻) Nitrite ion
- (NO₃⁻) Nitrate ion
- (C₂H₃O₂⁻) Acetate ion
- (PO₄³⁻) Phosphate ion
- (SO₄²⁻) Sulfate ion
- (SO₃²⁻) Sulfite ion
- (MnO₄⁻) Permanganate ion
- (CO₃²⁻) Carbonate ion
- (HCO₃⁻) Hydrogen carbonate ion or bicarbonate ion
-
Prefixes for Number of Atoms:
- 1: mono
- 2: di
- 3: tri
- 4: tetra
- 5: penta
- 6: hexa
- 7: hepta
- 8: octa
- 9: nona
- 10: deca
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