Chemistry: Moles and Molar Mass

The mass of one mole of a substance.

The number of particles in one mole of any substance. It's approximately 6.02 x 10^23.

The process of converting between mass and moles using the molar mass.

The process of converting between moles and the number of particles using Avogadro's number.

A specific type of mole calculation involving the number of elements within a molecule or compound.

A conversion that involves a series of steps to find the desired quantity.

The concept of using mole calculations to understand and work with different quantities of substances.

The process of finding the amount of a substance based on a given mass or number of particles.

A unit used for expressing the masses of atoms, molecules, compounds, or subatomic particles. It's roughly equivalent to the mass of a proton or neutron.

A unit that describes the amount of atoms, ions, molecules, or particles present in a pure substance. It's defined as the amount of substance that contains as many elementary entities (atoms, molecules, ions, etc.) as there are atoms in 0.012 kilogram of carbon-12.

The process of converting between the number of moles of a substance and its mass in grams, using the molar mass as a conversion factor.

The process of converting between the number of moles of a substance and the number of particles it contains, using Avogadro's number as a conversion factor.

The process of converting between the number of particles of a substance and the number of moles it represents, again using Avogadro's number.

The mass percentage of each element in a compound. All percentages add up to 100%.

The simplified formula of a compound, showing the smallest whole number ratio of atoms. It's like a mini version of the molecular formula.

The true formula of a compound, showing the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule.

To find a compound's molecular formula using its empirical formula, divide the molecular formula's molecular mass (MM) by the empirical formula's molecular mass (EFM). The result is the multiplier for the empirical formula.

Calculate the ratio of atoms by dividing the moles of each element by the smallest number of moles. If not whole numbers, multiply by a factor to make them whole (0.1 to 0.2, 0.8 to 0.9).

The number of atoms contained in a compound molecule. For example, water (H2O) has 3 atoms.

To calculate the number of molecules of a compound given the mass, multiply by the number of moles per gram (1/MM) then by Avogadro's number (6.02 x 10^23 molecules/mol).

To calculate the molecular mass (MM) of a compound, add the atomic masses of all atoms in the molecule.

A crack or opening in the Earth's crust that allows the expulsion of molten rock, ash, gases, and other volcanic materials.

A large, bowl-shaped depression at the summit of a volcano, formed by a violent eruption or collapse.

A broad, flat landform created by the extensive outpouring of fluid lava.

The outermost layer of the Earth, composed of solid rock and broken into tectonic plates.

The upper part of the mantle, encompassing the crust and a portion of the upper mantle, which are rigid and act as tectonic plates.

The semi-molten, plastic-like layer of the upper mantle, which allows the tectonic plates to move.

The thickest layer of the Earth, composed mostly of ultramafic silicates, which are rock-forming minerals.

The liquid outer layer of the Earth's core, composed primarily of iron and nickel, surrounded by the solid outer core.

The solid innermost layer of the Earth, composed of iron, nickel, and sulfur, which acts as the Earth's inner core.

Massive, irregularly shaped slabs of the Earth's lithosphere that move and interact, causing plate tectonics.

The movement of molten rock within the Earth's mantle, driven by heat and pressure, causing tectonic plates to move.

A type of plate boundary where two plates collide, resulting in one plate subducting (moving) beneath the other, causing earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.

A type of plate boundary where two plates move apart, creating new crust and volcanic activity.

A region on the Earth's surface where hot plumes of magma rise from deep within the mantle, causing volcanic activity and the formation of volcanic islands.

A large, broad volcano with gentle slopes, formed by the eruption of thin, fluid lava.

A tall, cone-shaped volcano formed by alternating layers of lava flows and pyroclastic debris.

A small, cone-shaped volcano formed by the eruption of pyroclastic materials, primarily cinders and ashes.

A volcano that is currently erupting or has erupted recently and is expected to erupt again.

A volcano that is not currently erupting but has erupted in the past 10,000 years and is expected to erupt again.

A volcano that has not erupted in the past 10,000 years and is not expected to erupt again.

The release of lava and gases from a volcanic vent, which can occur in various intensities and styles.

A type of volcanic eruption characterized by the gentle and slow flow of fluid lava.

A type of volcanic eruption characterized by violent explosions and the rapid ejection of pyroclastic materials.

A type of volcanic eruption driven by the rapid expansion of steam caused by the interaction of hot magma with water.