Chemistry Module 3: Water Analysis and Purification
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Questions and Answers

What is the purest form of naturally occurring water?

  • Sea water
  • Rain water (correct)
  • Lake water
  • River water

    • What type of impurities can cause turbidity and give smell or odor to water?

  • Organic matter
  • Dissolved salts
  • Suspended impurities (correct)
  • Dissolved gases

    • What is the main characteristic of lake water in terms of impurities?

  • It has a low amount of organic matter
  • It has a constant composition of impurities (correct)
  • It has a high percentage of dissolved salts
  • It has a high amount of suspended matter

    • What is the most impure form of water?

    <p>Sea water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be removed by filtration from water?

    <p>Suspended impurities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of impurities include CO2, Cl2, H2S, SOx, and NOx?

    <p>Dissolved gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be added to neutralize the acidity produced by corrosion in boilers?

    <p>Alkalinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the formation of sludge in boilers?

    <p>Greater solubility of salts in hot water than in cold water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main disadvantage of sludge formation in boilers?

    <p>It wastes a portion of the heat generated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is sludge typically formed in a boiler?

    <p>In areas of low water circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when sludge is formed along with scales in a boiler?

    <p>Sludge gets entrapped in scales and gets deposited as scales</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of excessive sludge formation in a boiler?

    <p>Decreased efficiency of the boiler</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to calculate the CaCO3 equivalent of a dissolved salt in water?

    <p>Equivalent wt.Of CaCO3 × Amt.of salt given / Equivalent wt.of the salt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for expressing CaCO3 equivalent hardness, which is equal to 1 milligram of CaCO3 equivalent hardness present in 1 liter of water?

    <p>Milligrams per liter (mg/lit)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary contributor to the hardness of water?

    <p>Bicarbonates, sulphates, chlorides, nitrates, of Ca, Mg and other heavy metals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the complexing agent used in the EDTA method of determining water hardness?

    <p>Ethylene Di-amine Tetra acetic Acid (EDTA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relation between milligrams per liter (mg/lit) and parts per million (ppm) units of expressing CaCO3 equivalent hardness?

    <p>1 mg/lit = 1 ppm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula of the Metal-EDTA complex formed in the EDTA method?

    <p>(n – 4) Metal-EDTA complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of percolating hard water through a zeolite bed in the zeolite process?

    <p>To soften water by removing calcium and magnesium ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the zeolite when it is completely converted into calcium and magnesium zeolite?

    <p>It gets exhausted and unable to soften water further</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of treating the zeolite bed with a concentrated brine solution during regeneration?

    <p>To convert calcium and magnesium zeolite back into sodium zeolite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of the zeolite process for softening water?

    <p>It is a clean process that requires less time for softening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hardness of the soft water obtained through the zeolite process?

    <p>5 - 10 ppm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of the zeolite process?

    <p>The limitation is not specified in the text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should turbidity and suspended matter be removed from water before zeolite treatment?

    <p>To prevent clogging of the zeolite bed and reduction of flow rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred pH of water passing through a zeolite softener?

    <p>pH 7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can't water containing Fe+2 and Mn+2 be used for zeolite treatment?

    <p>The zeolite cannot be regenerated easily with brine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ideal quality of boiler feed water?

    <p>As pure as distilled water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is used as a softener in the demineralization process?

    <p>Ion exchange resins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of ion exchange resins that enables ion exchange?

    <p>Their functional groups attached to the chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

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