Chemistry: Matter Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is matter?

Anything that occupies space and has mass.

Which of the following are forms of matter?

  • Liquid (correct)
  • Gas (correct)
  • Energy
  • Solid (correct)

Which of the following are types of pure substances?

  • Compound (correct)
  • Element (correct)
  • Mixture
  • Homogeneous

What is an atom?

<p>The fundamental building blocks of all matter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A ______ is composed of two or more different elements held together by chemical bonds.

<p>Compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

A pure substance can be broken down into simpler substances.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes a chemical property?

<p>A property displayed only by changing the composition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?

<p>Matter is neither created nor destroyed in ordinary chemical reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is kinetic energy?

<p>Energy due to motion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Energy can be created and destroyed.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Matter

  • Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass.
  • The fundamental building block of matter is the atom.
  • Matter can be classified into elements and compounds.
  • Elements are the basic building blocks of matter, while compounds are formed when two or more different elements are chemically bonded.
  • Organic compounds contain carbon bonded with other elements, while inorganic compounds are all other compounds.
  • Atoms can combine to form molecules.
  • Matter exists in three states: solid, liquid, and gas.
  • Solids have fixed locations and closely packed particles.
  • Liquids have closely packed particles that can move freely.
  • Gases have particles with large distances between them and free movement.
  • Matter can be classified into pure substances and mixtures.
  • Pure substances have only one type of atom or molecule, while mixtures have two or more different types of atoms or molecules.
  • Mixtures can be homogeneous (uniform composition) or heterogeneous (varied composition).

Distinguishing Matter

  • We use physical properties (properties displayed without changing composition) and chemical properties (properties that require composition change) to differentiate matter.
  • Physical changes alter appearance without changing composition, while chemical changes involve changes in composition.
  • Chemical changes occur through chemical reactions where reactants become products.
  • The Law of Conservation of Matter states that matter is neither created nor destroyed during ordinary chemical reactions.

Energy

  • Energy is the capacity to do work, which is the result of a force acting over a distance.
  • There are two types of energy: potential energy (energy due to position or composition) and kinetic energy (energy due to motion).
  • Total energy is the sum of potential and kinetic energy.
  • The Law of Conservation of Energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.
  • Some examples of energy transformations include converting potential energy in a dam to kinetic energy in flowing water, or chemical energy in gasoline to kinetic energy in a car.

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