Chemistry Matter and Measurement
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Questions and Answers

What does the law of conservation of matter state about substances in a closed system?

  • Only chemical reactions affect the total mass.
  • Atoms can be created or destroyed in reactions.
  • Mass can increase during a chemical reaction.
  • The total mass remains the same, regardless of changes. (correct)

Which of the following statements accurately describes products in a chemical reaction?

  • They have different properties than the original reactants. (correct)
  • They have the same properties as the reactants.
  • They only exist in liquid form.
  • They are always gases regardless of reactants.

In chemical formulas, what do the subscripts indicate?

  • The temperature at which the substance reacts.
  • The ratio of different compounds in a mixture.
  • The relative number of each type of atom in a molecule. (correct)
  • The total number of atoms in the compound.

What type of bonds form between atoms to achieve stability?

<p>Intramolecular bonds. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which separation technique is best for separating a solid from a liquid?

<p>Filtration. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a homogeneous mixture from a heterogeneous mixture?

<p>Homogeneous mixtures have a consistent composition throughout. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly classifies an element as a nonmetal?

<p>Oxygen. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of chromatography?

<p>To separate pigments or dyes from a mixture. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technique is used to separate components based on density?

<p>Centrifugation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between 'formula units' and 'molecules'?

<p>Formula units refer to ionic compounds, while molecules refer to covalent compounds. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the total mass of substances in a closed system during chemical and physical processes?

<p>It remains constant regardless of changes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which separation technique would be most effective for removing sand from water?

<p>Decantation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a heterogeneous mixture?

<p>A mixture that consists of visibly different substances. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of intramolecular bonds?

<p>They occur between atoms to achieve stability. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the products of a chemical reaction?

<p>They exhibit different properties than the reactants. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'percent yield' refer to in a chemical procedure?

<p>The ratio of actual yield to expected yield. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly distinguishes between pure substances and mixtures?

<p>Pure substances cannot vary in their properties. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of separation technique relies on the different boiling points of substances?

<p>Distillation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these separation techniques is primarily used for separating pigments?

<p>Chromatography (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the unique properties of a compound represented by a chemical formula?

<p>The types of atoms and their relative quantities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Law of Conservation of Mass

In a closed system, the total mass of matter remains constant during a chemical or physical change.

Chemical vs. physical properties

Chemical properties describe how a substance reacts with other substances, while physical properties describe characteristics without changing the substance's makeup.

Pure Substance vs. Mixture

Pure substances have a fixed composition, while mixtures have varying compositions.

Homogeneous Mixture

A mixture where the composition is uniform throughout.

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Heterogeneous Mixture

A mixture where the composition is not uniform throughout.

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Chemical Formula

Represents a compound using symbols and subscripts for elements.

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Subscripts in formulas

Subscripts indicate the relative number of each atom in a molecule or formula unit.

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Separation Techniques

Methods used to isolate substances from each other based on their properties.

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Decantation

Separating a liquid from an insoluble solid by pouring off the liquid.

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Filtration

Separating liquids from solids using a filter.

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What is the law of conservation of mass?

The law of conservation of mass states that in a closed system, the total mass of matter remains constant even after chemical or physical changes. This means that atoms are neither created nor destroyed, only rearranged.

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How are intramolecular bonds formed?

Intramolecular bonds are formed when atoms share or transfer electrons to achieve stability. This can involve covalent bonding, where atoms share electrons, or ionic bonding, where one atom transfers electrons to another.

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What makes a compound distinct?

Chemical compounds have unique properties different from the individual elements that compose them. The arrangement and types of atoms contribute to these unique properties.

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Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals

Elements are grouped into metals, metalloids, and nonmetals based on how they conduct heat and electricity and their properties.

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Percent Yield

Percent yield is the ratio of the actual yield of a chemical reaction to the theoretical yield, expressed as a percentage. It reflects the efficiency of a reaction.

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Percent Error

Percent error quantifies the difference between an experimental value and a true or accepted value, expressed as a percentage. It indicates how accurate a measurement is.

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Types of mixtures

Mixtures can be either homogeneous or heterogeneous. In a homogeneous mixture, the composition is uniform throughout, while in a heterogeneous mixture, it's not uniform.

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How do we separate substances in a mixture?

Separation techniques utilize the different properties of individual substances in a mixture to isolate them. Examples include filtration, evaporation, distillation, and chromatography.

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Describe the difference between chemical and physical properties.

Chemical properties involve the chemical composition or the reactivity of a substance, such as flammability or rusting. Physical properties can be observed without altering the substance's chemical composition, such as color, density, or melting point.

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What are the main differences between pure substances and mixtures?

Pure substances have a fixed composition. They consist of only one type of molecule or element. Mixtures, on the other hand, are combinations of two or more substances that retain their individual properties.

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Study Notes

Matter, Measurement, and Experimental Analysis

  • Matter is conserved in chemical and physical processes. The law of conservation of matter states that total mass remains the same, regardless of changes within a closed system.
  • Chemical reactions result in products with different properties compared to the original reactants.
  • Chemical formulas represent compounds, where subscripts indicate relative numbers of atoms in a molecule or formula unit.
  • Atoms are held together by electromagnetic forces.
  • Intramolecular bonds form between atoms to attain stability.
  • Covalent bonds involve electron sharing between nonmetals.
  • Ionic bonds involve electron transfer between metals and nonmetals.
  • Physical properties describe observable characteristics without changing composition.
  • Chemical properties describe the ability of a substance to react and form new substances.

Essential Knowledge and Skills

  • Distinguish between chemical and physical properties.
  • Differentiate pure substances from mixtures (homogeneous/heterogeneous).
  • Classify elements as metals, metalloids, or nonmetals.
  • Name chemical formulas for binary covalent and ionic compounds.
  • Relate compound types to the use of "formula units" and "molecules".
  • Calculate percent yield and percent error for a given process.
  • Explain various separation techniques like chromatography, filtration, decantation, magnetic separation, evaporation, and centrifugation.

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Description

Explore the fundamental concepts of matter, measurement, and experimental analysis in chemistry. This quiz covers the law of conservation of matter, types of chemical bonds, and the properties of substances. Test your understanding of how matter behaves in chemical and physical processes.

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