Chemistry Matching Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Match the following distillation methods with their characteristics:

Simple Distillation = Used for substances with very different boiling points Fractional Distillation = Used for mixtures with similar boiling points Heating = Increases the temperature of the mixture Condensing = Turns vapor back into liquid

Match the components of an atom with their properties:

Protons = Positively charged particles in the nucleus Neutrons = Neutral particles in the nucleus Electrons = Negatively charged particles in energy levels Nucleus = Center of the atom containing most of its mass

Match the steps of fractional distillation with their descriptions:

Put mixture in flask = Initial step of fractional distillation Evaporation = The process where liquids change into gas Temperature matching = Highest point of vapor collection Raising temperature = Allows collection of the next liquid

Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>Evaporating = Phase change from liquid to gas Cooling = Phase change from gas to liquid Heating = Adding energy to increase temperature Condensation = Transition from gas back to liquid state</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following features with their correct atomic model:

<p>Energy levels = Regions where electrons are likely to be found Positive charge = Inherent charge of protons in the nucleus Mass concentration = Most of the mass found in the nucleus Size comparison = The nucleus is smaller than the overall atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following methods to their applications:

<p>Simple distillation = Purification of water Fractional distillation = Refining of crude oil Cooling = Reverting gas to liquid Heating = Increasing boiling point of liquids</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their relevance in chemistry:

<p>Distillation = Physical separation of mixtures Atoms = Building blocks of matter Mixtures = Composed of two or more substances Elements = Pure substances made of one type of atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following phases of matter with their characteristics:

<p>Solid = Fixed shape and volume Liquid = Fixed volume, shape takes container Gas = Neither fixed shape nor volume Plasma = Ionized gas with free-moving charged particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the isotopes with their characteristics:

<p>Carbon-12 = Stable isotope Carbon-14 = Decay into nitrogen Chlorine-35 = Relative mass of 35 Chlorine-37 = Relative mass of 37</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the steps to calculate relative atomic mass:

<p>Multiply mass by abundance = Step 1 Add together products = Step 2 Divide by total abundance = Step 3 Determine isotopes present = Step 0</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the element with its isotope examples:

<p>Carbon = Carbon-12 and Carbon-14 Chlorine = Chlorine-35 and Chlorine-37 Nitrogen = Related to Carbon-14 decay Oxygen = Not mentioned in the content</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the concepts with their descriptions:

<p>Same proton number = Isotopes of an element Different mass numbers = Characteristic of isotopes Decay process = Change of Carbon-14 to nitrogen Stable isotopes = Isotopes that do not decay</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following isotopes with their stable/unstable status:

<p>Carbon-12 = Stable Carbon-14 = Unstable Chlorine-35 = Stable Chlorine-37 = Stable</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the isotopes with their relative abundances:

<p>Chlorine-35 = 3 Chlorine-37 = 1 Carbon-12 = Not applicable Carbon-14 = Not applicable</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their examples:

<p>Isotope = Carbon-14 Relative atomic mass = 12 for Carbon-12 Decay = Carbon-14 to Nitrogen Relative abundance = Ratio of isotopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the state of matter with its description:

<p>Solid = Definite shape and volume, particles in fixed positions Liquid = Fills the bottom of a container, particles can move past each other Gas = No definite shape or volume, particles travel in straight lines Ice = A solid state of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the transition with its process:

<p>Melting = Solid to liquid Freezing = Liquid to solid Evaporating = Liquid to gas Condensing = Gas to liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the state of matter with the strength of particle attraction:

<p>Solid = Strong forces of attraction Liquid = Weak forces of attraction Gas = Very weak forces of attraction Ice = Strong forces of attraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the state of matter with its particle movement:

<p>Solid = Vibrate about fixed positions Liquid = Random motion with slight stickiness Gas = Constant random motion and expands when heated Water Vapour = Far apart and free to move</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the process with its effect on particle movement:

<p>Heating a solid = Increases vibration of particles Heating a liquid = Increases speed of particles Heating a gas = Increases speed and causes expansion Cooling a gas = Decreases speed of particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the characteristic to the state of matter:

<p>Solid = Retains shape and volume Liquid = Has a definite volume but not a definite shape Gas = Completely fills the container Ice = A solid form of H2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the transition with its energy change:

<p>Melting = Increases energy Freezing = Decreases energy Evaporating = Increases energy Condensing = Decreases energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the states of matter with their arrangement of particles:

<p>Solid = Regular lattice arrangement Liquid = Randomly arranged Gas = Far apart and randomly moving Water = Liquid state of H2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the separation methods with their typical applications:

<p>Filtration = Separation of solid impurities from liquids Crystallisation = Formation of solid crystals from a solution Paper chromatography = Separation of different dyes in a mixture Dissolving = Mixing a solid into a liquid to form a solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the step of separation with its description:

<p>Grinding = Breaking down a solid mixture into finer particles Filtering = Removing insoluble solids from a liquid Evaporating = Removing a liquid to crystallize a dissolved substance Rolling = Shaping the filter paper to fit into a container</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each component to their property in the rock salt mixture:

<p>Salt = Soluble in water Sand = Insoluble in water Water = Solvent used for dissolving Grains = Remains on filter paper after filtration</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the equipment to its purpose in the separation methods:

<p>Pestle and mortar = Used for grinding substances Filter paper = Used for filtering mixtures Beaker = Container for dissolving and holding liquids Evaporating dish = Used to evaporate liquids and form crystals</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms with their definitions in chromatography:

<p>Chromatogram = The pattern of spots formed after chromatography Solvent = The liquid that carries the dyes up the paper Dye = A coloring substance that can be separated Filter paper = The medium on which the separation occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the step in paper chromatography to its requirement:

<p>Drawing a line = To mark the starting point for the dyes Adding dye spots = To create different positions for separation Lid on container = To prevent solvent evaporation Using ethanol = For compounds that don’t dissolve in water</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the description with the correct method:

<p>Filtration = Involves separating a solid from a liquid through a barrier Crystallisation = Involves forming pure solids from saturated solutions Paper chromatography = Based on different rates of movement in a solvent Grinding = The initial step of breaking down solid mixtures</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of substances to their solubility characteristics:

<p>Salt = Dissolves in water Sand = Does not dissolve in water Ethanol = Used as an alternative solvent Dyes = Solubility may vary based on solvent choice</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following particles with their respective properties:

<p>Proton = Relative mass of 1, charge of +1 Neutron = Relative mass of 1, charge of 0 Electron = Relative mass of 0, charge of -1 Nucleus = Center of the atom containing protons and neutrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following processes with their definitions:

<p>Melting = Transition from solid to liquid Sublimation = Transition from solid to gas without becoming liquid Evaporation = Transition from liquid to gas at temperatures below boiling Condensation = Transition from gas to liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of forces with their interactions:

<p>Forces of attraction = Hold particles in fixed positions in solids Repulsive forces = Prevent particles from occupying the same space Gravitational force = Attracts particles towards each other Electromagnetic force = Causes interactions between charged particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following scientists with their contributions to atomic theory:

<p>John Dalton = Proposed the atomic theory of matter J.J. Thomson = Discovered the electron Ernest Rutherford = Discovered the nucleus of the atom Niels Bohr = Developed the Bohr model of the atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following color changes with their processes:

<p>Dissolving potassium manganate(VII) = Color spreads out in the water Adding more water to the beaker = Dilution of color Heating ethanol = Change from liquid to gas Cooling gas = Change from gas to liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following descriptions with the corresponding state changes:

<p>Heating solid = Increases particle vibration leading to melting Cooling gas = Reduces energy, leading to condensation Heating liquid = Increases particle movement leading to evaporation Solidification = Change from liquid to solid upon cooling</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the chromatography components with their descriptions:

<p>Dyes = Substances that move at different rates up the paper Filter paper = Material on which the chromatography is performed Solvent = Liquid used to dissolve the dyes Pencil line = Line that must be drawn to avoid interference with results</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of distillation with their uses:

<p>Simple distillation = Used to separate a liquid from a solution Fractional distillation = Used to separate liquids with different boiling points Evaporation = Process that occurs in distillation to produce vapor Condensation = Process that turns vapor back into liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the processes with their corresponding functions in chromatography:

<p>Movement of dyes = Dependent on solvent and paper used Identification of dyes = Comparing chromatograms of unknown and reference materials Drawing the line = Performed in pencil to avoid contamination CSIs using chromatography = Identify unknown substances from crime scenes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the specific effects observed in chromatography:

<p>Some dyes stick = Remain on the filter paper Some dyes dissolve = Travel quickly up the paper Distance traveled = Indicates the nature of the dye Ink contamination = Caused by using a pen for baseline</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the steps of simple distillation with their corresponding actions:

<p>Heating the solution = Causes the liquid to evaporate Collecting vapor = Condenses into a liquid Leaving residue = Remaining solution in the flask Obtaining pure water = Result from distilling seawater</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following methods with their main separation capabilities:

<p>Chromatography = Separates mixtures based on differential movement Distillation = Separates liquids based on boiling points Filtration = Separates solids from liquids Decantation = Separates liquids with different densities</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the components of a chromatogram with their meanings:

<p>Spot = Indicates the presence of a dye Rf value = Ratio of distance traveled by dye to distance traveled by solvent Baseline = Initial point from which the dyes start moving Distance from baseline = Helps identify the specific dye present</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the examples of chromatography applications with their purposes:

<p>Identifying inks = Linking forgeries to suspects Separating food dyes = Purifying colors in food products Testing environmental samples = Identifying pollutants in water Analyzing pigments = Studying composition in art materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Filtration

A method used to separate a mixture of solids by dissolving one component in water and filtering the insoluble component out.

Crystallisation

The process of separating a dissolved solid from a solution by evaporating the solvent, leaving behind the solid as crystals.

Rock salt

A mixture of sand and salt.

Insoluble

Not soluble in water or a given solvent.

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Paper Chromatography

A method used to separate a mixture of colored substances by their different rates of movement up a piece of filter paper.

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Solvent

A liquid used to dissolve substances in chromatography.

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Retention Factor (Rf)

The distance a compound travels up the filter paper in chromatography, relative to the solvent front.

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Chromatogram

The visible pattern of spots produced by paper chromatography.

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Solid State

The state of matter where particles are closely packed in a fixed, regular arrangement, with strong forces of attraction. Solids maintain a definite shape and volume.

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Liquid State

The state of matter where particles are loosely packed and free to move past each other, with weaker forces of attraction than solids. Liquids have a definite volume but take the shape of their container.

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Gaseous State

The state of matter where particles are very far apart and move freely with weak forces of attraction. Gases fill their container and do not have a fixed shape or volume.

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Melting

The process where a solid changes into a liquid. This occurs when the temperature of a solid increases and the particles gain enough energy to overcome the strong forces of attraction holding them in place.

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Freezing

The process where a liquid changes into a solid. This occurs when the temperature of a liquid decreases and the particles lose energy, allowing the forces of attraction to hold them together in a fixed arrangement.

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Evaporation

The process where a liquid changes into a gas. This occurs when the temperature of a liquid increases and the particles gain enough energy to break free from the liquid's surface.

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Condensation

The process where a gas changes into a liquid. This occurs when the temperature of a gas decreases and the particles lose energy, causing them to slow down and come closer together.

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Physical Changes

Changes that alter the arrangement or energy of particles but do not change the chemical composition of the substance. They are often reversible.

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Simple Distillation

A method of separating a mixture of liquids with very different boiling points. The liquid with the lowest boiling point evaporates first and is collected.

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Fractional Distillation

A method of separating a mixture of liquids with similar boiling points. The mixture is heated, and the vapors rise through a fractionating column. The vapors condense at different points in the column based on their boiling points, allowing for the separation of the different liquids.

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Nucleus

The central part of an atom containing protons and neutrons.

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Protons

Positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom.

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Neutrons

Neutral particles found in the nucleus of an atom.

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Electrons

Negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom in energy levels called shells.

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Electron Shells

Energy levels surrounding the nucleus of an atom where electrons orbit.

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Distilled Water

Water purified by the process of distillation. It's free from impurities, making it ideal for scientific experiments.

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Chromatography

A technique used to separate components of a mixture based on their different affinities for a stationary phase (e.g., filter paper) and a mobile phase (e.g., solvent).

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Filter Paper

The stationary phase in chromatography, often a piece of filter paper, where the components of the mixture are separated.

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Distillation

Process used to separate liquids from solutions or mixtures based on differences in their boiling points.

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Boiling Point

The temperature at which a liquid changes into a gas.

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Solution

A mixture where one substance is dissolved in another.

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What are isotopes?

Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

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What is the atomic number?

The number of protons in an atom's nucleus.

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What is the mass number?

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.

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What is relative atomic mass?

The average mass of all the isotopes of an element, taking into account their relative abundance.

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What is relative abundance?

The percentage or ratio of a particular isotope compared to the total amount of the element.

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What is carbon-14?

A radioactive isotope of carbon with a mass number of 14 used for carbon dating.

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What is carbon dating?

The process of determining the age of an object by measuring the amount of carbon-14 remaining in it.

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What is radioactive decay?

A radioactive isotope decays into a stable isotope, releasing energy in the process.

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What are the particles in the nucleus of an atom?

The nucleus of an atom is made up of protons and neutrons. Protons have a positive charge and neutrons have no charge.

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What is a molecule?

A group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.

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Describe the arrangement and movement of particles in a solid.

The force of attraction between particles in a solid is strong, holding the particles in a fixed, regular arrangement. The particles vibrate but do not move from their positions.

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Describe what happens to the particles when a solid melts.

The particles in a solid gain energy and vibrate faster as it is heated. When the particles have enough energy to overcome the forces of attraction, the solid melts into a liquid.

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What is sublimation?

The process by which a gas directly changes into a solid without going through a liquid phase.

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What is diffusion?

The process by which a substance spreads out evenly throughout a liquid or gas.

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What is dissolving?

The process by which a solute dissolves in a solvent to form a solution.

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Study Notes

States of Matter

  • Matter exists in three states: solid, liquid, and gas
  • The state depends on the strength of attractive forces between particles, temperature, and pressure
  • Solids: Particles are closely packed in fixed positions, have a definite shape and volume, and vibrate.
  • Liquids: Particles are close together but can move past each other, have a definite volume but no definite shape, and flow.
  • Gases: Particles are far apart and move freely, do not have a definite shape or volume, and expand to fill the container.

Changes of State

  • Changes of state are physical changes, not chemical changes, and do not alter the particles themselves.
  • Melting: Solid changing into liquid. Particles gain heat energy to overcome forces of attraction, causing vibration.
  • Freezing: Liquid changing into solid. Particles lose heat energy and forces of attraction become stronger causing particles to be fixed.
  • Vaporization/Evaporation: Liquid changing into gas. Particles gain enough energy to overcome forces of attraction and escape the liquid.
  • Condensation: Gas changing into liquid. Particles lose heat energy to slow down, allowing attractive forces to draw them together.
  • Sublimation: Solid changing directly into gas or gas into solid. This is unusual as it happens without an intermediate liquid state.

Diffusion

  • Diffusion is the gradual movement of particles from areas of high concentration to low concentration.
  • It occurs in liquids and gases.
  • The particles' random motion causes them to spread out.
  • The rate of diffusion depends on factors like temperature (higher temp = faster diffusion) and particle size (smaller particles = faster diffusion).

Filtration

  • Removing an insoluble solid from a liquid using a filter.
  • Filter paper in a funnel, with the liquid being poured through. The solid is left behind in the filter paper.

Crystallisation

  • Separating a soluble solid from a solution:
  • Heat solution to evaporate some solvent, concentrating the solution
  • Allow the solution to cool slowly to allow the formation of the solid crystals.
  • Filter the crystals to isolate them from the liquid.

Chromatography

  • Separating mixtures of substances based on the differences in how those substances interact with the components of a mobile phase and a stationary phase
  • Stationary phase is a substance that stays fixed (eg. filter paper)
  • Mobile phase is a substance that moves through the stationary phase (eg. water)
  • Separating substances in a mixture (eg. inks, dyes) by their different rates of movement, creating different bands on the stationary phase called a chromatogram - substances move at different speeds through the phase.

Distillation

  • Separating liquids with different boiling points in a mixture.
  • Heating a mixture of liquids to cause the liquid with the lowest boiling point to vaporise first.
  • Condensing the vaporized liquid to collect it.
  • Fractional distillation is used when the boiling points are similar (eg. separating crude oil) by using a fractionating column.

Atoms

  • Atoms are the fundamental building blocks of matter.
  • Atoms consist of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, and electrons orbiting the nucleus.
  • Protons: Positively charged particles within the nucleus.
  • Neutrons: Neutrally charged particles within the nucleus.
  • Electrons: Negatively charged particles orbiting the nucleus.
  • Different numbers of each type of particle determines the physical and chemical properties of each atom.

Isotopes

  • Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
  • Radioactive isotopes have unstable nuclei and decay over time.

Relative Atomic Mass

  • Weighted average mass of all the isotopes of an element.
  • Calculates the average mass taking into account the relative abundance of each isotope.

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Y10 Chemistry Revision Guide (PDF)

Description

Test your chemistry knowledge by matching various concepts, including distillation methods, atomic components, and phases of matter. This quiz helps reinforce the relationships between different chemistry topics and their characteristics. Perfect for students looking to deepen their understanding of chemistry.

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