Chemistry: Lewis Structures and Compounds
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements about Lewis structures is FALSE?

False

Which Lewis structure below correctly represents KCl?

K⁺ [:Cl:]⁻

Which Lewis structure below correctly represents the compound formed between magnesium and sulfur?

Mg⁺2 [:S:]⁻2

Lewis theory predicts that the formula of a compound formed between bromine and aluminum is:

<p>AlBr3</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lewis theory predicts that the formula for a compound between fluorine and calcium is:

<p>CaF2</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lewis theory predicts that the formula for a compound between barium and sulfur is:

<p>BaS</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lewis theory predicts that the formula for a compound between potassium and sulfur is:

<p>K2S</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a nonmetal bonds with a nonmetal, all of the above are true.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct Lewis structure for water?

<p>H-:O:-H</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct Lewis structure for Br2?

<p>:Br - Br:</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct Lewis structure for O2?

<p>:O = O:</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct Lewis structure for N2?

<p>: N ≡ N :</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Lewis structure for carbon monoxide shows how many lone pairs and bonding pairs?

<p>2 lone pairs and 3 bonding pairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sequence below represents the proper order of increasing bond strength?

<p>double</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many valence electrons are in the nitrate ion?

<p>24</p> Signup and view all the answers

The total number of electrons to be counted for the Lewis structure of the PO43- polyatomic ion is:

<p>32</p> Signup and view all the answers

The central atom in the chlorate anion, ClO3-, is surrounded by:

<p>three bonding and one unshared pair of electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

The central atom in the chlorite anion, ClO2-, is surrounded by:

<p>two bonding and two unshared pairs of electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Lewis structure, [:O -N =O] represents:

<p>NO2-</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct Lewis structure for CN⁻?

<p>[: C≡ N :]⁻</p> Signup and view all the answers

The correct Lewis structure for BF3 would have exactly no double bonds.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symbol should be used between two structures that represent resonance structures?

<p>↔</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which set shows the correct resonance structures for SeO2?

<p>O = SE - O : ↔ : O - SE = O</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compounds have resonance structures?

<p>O3</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider the Lewis structures for the compound SO3 and the polyatomic ions SO32- and SO42-. Which of these would exist as a set of resonance structures?

<p>SO3 only</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the angle between electron groups in the linear electron geometry?

<p>180°</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the angle between electron groups in the trigonal planar electron geometry?

<p>120°</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a single electron group?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the electron geometry if you have 4 electron groups around the center atom?

<p>tetrahedral</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the angle between electron groups in the trigonal planar electron geometry?

<p>120°</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct Lewis structure for CO2?

<p>:O=C=O:</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the electron geometry if you have 2 electron groups around the center atom?

<p>linear</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the electron geometry if you have 3 electron groups around the center atom?

<p>trigonal planar</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular geometry if you have 3 single bonds and 1 lone pair around the central atom?

<p>trigonal pyramidal</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular geometry if you have 4 single bonds around the central atom?

<p>tetrahedral</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular geometry if you have a double bond, a single bond, and 1 lone pair around the central atom?

<p>bent</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular geometry of ozone, O3?

<p>bent</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular geometry of carbon dioxide, CO2?

<p>linear</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular geometry of PH3?

<p>trigonal pyramidal</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular geometry of SiH4?

<p>tetrahedral</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular geometry of CCl4?

<p>tetrahedral</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular geometry of SCl2?

<p>bent</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular geometry of NH4+?

<p>tetrahedral</p> Signup and view all the answers

The electron geometry and the molecular geometry of ammonia (NH3) are, respectively:

<p>tetrahedral, trigonal pyramidal</p> Signup and view all the answers

The electron geometry and the molecular geometry of water are, respectively:

<p>tetrahedral, bent</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following has a tetrahedral electron geometry and a trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry?

<p>PF3</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term matches the definition: A separation of charge within a bond?

<p>polar covalent</p> Signup and view all the answers

The elements with the highest electronegativity values tend to be found in the:

<p>upper right-side of the periodic table</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term matches the definition: The ability of an element to attract electrons within a covalent bond?

<p>electronegativity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule listed below has a nonpolar covalent bond?

<p>H2</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule listed below has a polar covalent bond?

<p>H2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule listed below is a polar molecule?

<p>all of the compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which substance listed below is a polar molecule?

<p>Cl2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule listed below is a nonpolar molecule?

<p>all of the compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which compound listed below will dissolve in water?

<p>NH3</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which compound listed below will dissolve in NH3?

<p>H2S</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which compound listed below will dissolve in carbon tetrachloride, CCl4?

<p>CS2</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is TRUE for the covalent molecule HCl?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the water molecule is TRUE?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements are TRUE about the BF3 molecule?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The electronegativity value for N is 3.0 and that for O is 3.5. Based on these values, which of the following statements is TRUE about the compound NO?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The electronegativity value for Mg is 1.2 and the value for O is 3.5. Based on these values, what type of bond is expected for a compound formed between Mg and O?

<p>Ionic</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does soap work?

<p>Soap works by having a polar end and a nonpolar end which allows the water and oil to interact indirectly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Lewis Structures and Compounds

  • Lewis structures provide visual representations of electron arrangements in molecules.
  • Correct Lewis structure for KCl is K⁺ and [:Cl:]⁻.
  • Correct Lewis structure for magnesium and sulfur is Mg⁺2 and [:S:]⁻2.
  • Lewis theory predicts aluminum and bromine form AlBr3.
  • Calcium and fluorine combine as CaF2, while barium and sulfur form BaS.
  • Potassium and sulfur yield K2S.

Water and Gaseous Compounds

  • Lewis structure for water is H-:O:-H.
  • Br2 has the structure :Br - Br:.
  • O2 is depicted as :O = O:, while N2 is represented by : N ≡ N :.
  • Carbon monoxide exhibits 2 lone pairs and 3 bonding pairs in its Lewis structure.

Bond Strength and Electrons

  • Bond strength increases in the order: single < double < triple.
  • The nitrate ion contains 24 valence electrons.
  • PO43- polyatomic ion has a total of 32 electrons.

Central Atoms and Bonding

  • Chlorate anion (ClO3-) features three bonding and one lone pair of electrons.
  • Chlorite anion (ClO2-) has two bonding and two lone pairs.
  • The Lewis structure for NO2- is represented as [:O - N = O].

Molecular and Electron Geometry

  • Linear electron geometry corresponds to a 180° angle.
  • Trigonal planar geometry has a bond angle of 120°.
  • Four electron groups around a central atom yield a tetrahedral geometry.
  • Trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry arises when there are three bonds and one lone pair.

Bond Types and Molecular Geometry

  • A double bond and lone pair configuration results in a bent molecular geometry.
  • Ozone (O3) has a bent molecular shape due to its structure.
  • Carbon dioxide (CO2) is characterized by a linear molecular geometry.
  • Molecular geometry remains tetrahedral for compounds like SiH4 and CCl4.

Polar and Nonpolar Compounds

  • Polar covalent bonds occur when there is a separation of charge.
  • Elements with high electronegativity are predominantly found on the upper right side of the periodic table.
  • H2 represents a nonpolar covalent bond, while H2O has polar covalent bonds.

Interactions with Water

  • Ammonia (NH3) is soluble in water, as is H2S in NH3.
  • Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) dissolves CS2.
  • HCl exhibits polarity; chlorine's higher electronegativity leads to uneven electron sharing, making the molecule polar.

Soap and Its Function

  • Soap molecules have a dual structure with one polar end and one nonpolar end, facilitating interactions between water and oils indirectly.

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Description

This quiz focuses on the representation of Lewis structures for various molecules and ion compounds. It covers topics such as electron arrangements, bond strengths, and the formation of common compounds. Test your understanding of these key concepts in chemistry.

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