Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the physical state of Para Red dye?
What is the physical state of Para Red dye?
- Solid (correct)
- Semi-solid
- Gas
- Liquid
When was Para Red dye discovered?
When was Para Red dye discovered?
- 1900
- 1880 (correct)
- 1920
- 1850
What is the classification basis of Azo dyes?
What is the classification basis of Azo dyes?
- Melting point range
- Solubility in water
- Number of Nitrogen atoms in the structure (correct)
- Presence of Azo group in the structure
Why is Diazonium salt kept at an ice bath during synthesis?
Why is Diazonium salt kept at an ice bath during synthesis?
What is the limiting reagent in the synthesis of Nitroanilide?
What is the limiting reagent in the synthesis of Nitroanilide?
What color does Para Red dye impart to cellulose fabrics?
What color does Para Red dye impart to cellulose fabrics?
What is the function of Azo group containing cyclized-cyanine derivatives ACC1 and ACC2?
What is the function of Azo group containing cyclized-cyanine derivatives ACC1 and ACC2?
Which industry widely uses Azo dyes for dyeing purposes?
Which industry widely uses Azo dyes for dyeing purposes?
What is the color of Benzoic Acid?
What is the color of Benzoic Acid?
Where is Benzoic Acid commonly found?
Where is Benzoic Acid commonly found?
What is the main reason for lessening the use of Azo Dyes?
What is the main reason for lessening the use of Azo Dyes?
What is the application of Azo Dyes in the pharmaceutical industry?
What is the application of Azo Dyes in the pharmaceutical industry?
How is benzoic acid produced commercially?
How is benzoic acid produced commercially?
Which compound can increase in humans when exposed to Toluene or Benzoic Acid?
Which compound can increase in humans when exposed to Toluene or Benzoic Acid?
Which reaction results in equal amounts of benzoate and benzyl alcohol?
Which reaction results in equal amounts of benzoate and benzyl alcohol?
What is the limiting reagent in the Cannizzaro reaction for the preparation of benzoic acid?
What is the limiting reagent in the Cannizzaro reaction for the preparation of benzoic acid?
In which conditions can benzonitrile be hydrolyzed to form benzoic acid?
In which conditions can benzonitrile be hydrolyzed to form benzoic acid?
What is a common application of benzoic acid in pharmaceuticals?
What is a common application of benzoic acid in pharmaceuticals?
Study Notes
Azo Dyes
- Azo dyes are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry for coloring pharmaceutical agents.
- They are used in hypnotic medicine for the treatment of insomnia.
- Azo group containing cyclized-cyanine derivatives (ACC1 and ACC2) are used in two-photon photodynamic therapy for cancer treatment.
- They are used as complexometric indicators, undergoing a color change in the presence of metal ions like calcium and magnesium.
- Azo dyes are widely used in the textile industry for dyeing purposes.
- They are used in cosmetics, papers, plastics, and food, etc.
Benzoic Acid
- Chemical Formula: C6H5COOH
- Functional group: Carboxylic acid
- It is a colorless crystalline solid and a simple aromatic carboxylic acid.
- The name is derived from gum benzoin, which was for long time its only known source.
- Benzoic acid is used to calibrate a bomb calorimeter.
- It has antifungal abilities.
- It is one of the chemical compounds found in castoreum.
Para Red Dye
- Structure: The encircled part is the Azo group.
- Belongs to monoazo dye.
- Melting Point: 248-252°C
- Molecular Weight: 293.28g
- Physical state: Dark Red Powder
- Solubility in Water: Insoluble
- It was discovered in 1880 by Von Gallois and Ullrich.
- Para Red (Paranitraniline red, Pigment red) is a dye that dyes cellulose fabrics a brilliant red color but is not very fast.
- It is considered potentially genotoxic and possibly carcinogenic; skin, respiratory tract, and severe eye irritant.
Classification of Azo Dyes
- Azo dyes are classified depending on how many azo groups are in the structure.
Industrial Preparation of Benzoic Acid
- Benzoic acid is produced commercially by partial oxidation process of toluene with oxygen.
- The process is catalyzed by cobalt or manganese naphthenates.
- The process uses cheap raw materials and proceeds in high yield.
Preparation of Benzoic Acid
- Benzoic acid can be prepared by hydrolysis of benzonitrile and benzamide.
- It can also be prepared by oxidation of benzyl chloride in the presence of alkaline KmnO4.
- The Cannizzaro reaction of benzaldehyde also produces benzoic acid and benzyl alcohol.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the actual and theoretical yield calculations for Nitroacetanilide, 4-Nitroaniline, P-Red Dye, and the application of Azo dyes in various industries including pharmaceuticals and thermal transfer printers.
