Chemistry: Ions, Anions, and Cations

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Questions and Answers

What is a charged atom called?

Ion (correct)

Anion

Neutral atom

Cation

What is the definition of an anion?

Negatively charged atom

What is the definition of a cation?

Positively charged atom

What type of ion is fluorine?

Anion F⁻ Signup and view all the answers

What type of ion is potassium?

Cation K⁺ Signup and view all the answers

What type of ion is chlorine?

Anion Cl⁻ Signup and view all the answers

What type of ion is magnesium?

Cation Mg²⁺ Signup and view all the answers

What type of ion is calcium?

Cation Ca²⁺ Signup and view all the answers

What type of ion is sodium?

Cation Na⁺ Signup and view all the answers

What type of ion is oxygen?

Anion O²⁻ Signup and view all the answers

Metals tend to ______ electrons to become positive.

give away Signup and view all the answers

Nonmetals tend to ______ electrons to become negative.

gain Signup and view all the answers

Noble gases are chemically unstable and want to gain or lose electrons.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the Octet Rule?

Atoms want to have 8 valence electrons Signup and view all the answers

What are valence electrons?

Electrons found in the outermost energy level Signup and view all the answers

What is an ionic bond?

Bond held together by the giving/taking of electrons Signup and view all the answers

What is a covalent bond?

Bond held together by the sharing of electrons Signup and view all the answers

What is the electron configuration for an atom with 1 valence electron?

1s²2s²2p⁶3s¹ Signup and view all the answers

What is the electron configuration for an atom with 2 valence electrons?

1s²2s²2p⁶3s² Signup and view all the answers

What is the electron configuration for an atom with 3 valence electrons?

1s²2s²2p¹ Signup and view all the answers

What is the electron configuration for an atom with 4 valence electrons?

1s²2s²2p² Signup and view all the answers

What is the electron configuration for an atom with 5 valence electrons?

1s²2s²2p³ Signup and view all the answers

What is the electron configuration for an atom with 6 valence electrons?

1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁴ Signup and view all the answers

What is the electron configuration for an atom with 7 valence electrons?

1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁵ Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Ion Definitions

Ion: A charged atom resulting from the loss or gain of electrons.
Anion: A negatively charged ion formed when an atom gains electrons.
Cation: A positively charged ion formed when an atom loses electrons.

Specific Ions

Fluorine (F⁻): An anion known for gaining one electron.
Potassium (K⁺): A cation that forms by losing one electron.
Chlorine (Cl⁻): An anion formed by gaining one electron.
Magnesium (Mg²⁺): A cation that loses two electrons.
Calcium (Ca²⁺): A cation that also loses two electrons.
Sodium (Na⁺): A cation that loses one electron.
Oxygen (O²⁻): An anion that gains two electrons.

General Concepts

Metals typically give away electrons to form cations.
Nonmetals tend to gain electrons, resulting in anions.
Noble gases are chemically stable, preferring not to gain or lose electrons.

Chemical Rules and Principles

Octet Rule: Atoms aim to have eight valence electrons for stability.
Valence Electrons: Electrons located in the outermost shell of an atom.

Bonding Types

Ionic Bond: A connection formed through the transfer of electrons between atoms.
Covalent Bond: A connection formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms.

Electron Configuration Examples

Atoms exhibit specific electron configurations based on their valence electrons:
- 1 valence electron: 1s²2s²2p⁶3s¹
- 2 valence electrons: 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²
- 3 valence electrons: 1s²2s²2p¹
- 4 valence electrons: 1s²2s²2p²
- 5 valence electrons: 1s²2s²2p³
- 6 valence electrons: 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁴
- 7 valence electrons: 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁵

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Description

Test your knowledge of ions in chemistry with this flashcard quiz. Learn about the definitions of ions, anions, and cations, and explore their properties and roles. Perfect for students brushing up on basic chemistry concepts.