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Questions and Answers
What is the primary concern when handling household chemicals?
What is the primary function of preservatives in food products?
What is the term for the browning reaction between amino acids and reducing sugars that occurs during food preparation?
What is the term for the process by which the body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes, and excretes drugs?
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What is the purpose of emulsions in cosmetic products?
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What is the term for the process by which chemicals accumulate in organisms and are concentrated in food chains?
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Study Notes
Household Chemicals
- Many household products contain chemicals that can be harmful if not handled properly:
- Cleaning products: bleach, ammonia, and quaternary ammonium compounds
- Pesticides: insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides
- Personal care products: soaps, detergents, and fragrances
- Importance of reading labels and following instructions for use, storage, and disposal
- Alternative: using natural or eco-friendly products to reduce chemical exposure
Food Chemistry
- Chemical reactions occur during food preparation and cooking:
- Maillard reaction: browning reaction between amino acids and reducing sugars
- Emulsification: mixing of oil and water using emulsifiers
- Gelation: thickening of liquids using gelling agents
- Food additives:
- Preservatives: extend shelf life and prevent spoilage
- Flavor enhancers: enhance taste and aroma
- Colorants: add color to food products
- Nutritional chemistry: understanding the chemical composition of nutrients and their effects on the body
Pharmaceuticals
- Medicinal chemistry: design, development, and synthesis of pharmaceuticals
- Drug classification:
- Analgesics: pain relief
- Antibiotics: infection treatment
- Vaccines: disease prevention
- Pharmacokinetics: absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs in the body
- Importance of proper medication use, dosage, and potential interactions
Cosmetics
- Chemical composition of cosmetics:
- Skin care: moisturizers, sunscreens, and cleansers
- Hair care: shampoos, conditioners, and dyes
- Makeup: foundations, lip products, and eye products
- Cosmetic chemistry:
- Emulsions: mixtures of oil and water
- Surfactants: reduce surface tension and improve spreadability
- pH balance: maintaining skin and hair pH levels
- Safety and regulation: ensuring the safety and efficacy of cosmetic products
Environmental Impact
- Chemical pollutants in the environment:
- Air pollution: gases, particulate matter, and volatile organic compounds
- Water pollution: industrial and agricultural chemicals
- Soil pollution: heavy metals, pesticides, and industrial waste
- Environmental chemistry:
- Biodegradation: breakdown of organic matter
- Bioaccumulation: accumulation of chemicals in organisms
- Biomagnification: concentration of chemicals in food chains
- Importance of sustainable practices and responsible chemical use to minimize environmental impact
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Description
Explore the chemistry behind household products, food, medicines, cosmetics, and environmental impact. Learn about the importance of safe handling, responsible use, and sustainable practices.
