Chemistry in Biology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What are the positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom?

  • Isotopes
  • Protons (correct)
  • Neutrons
  • Electrons

Electrons are located in the nucleus of an atom.

False (B)

Define an element.

An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by physical or chemical means.

A pure substance formed when two or more different elements combine is called a ______.

<p>compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>Covalent bonds = Chemical bonds formed by the sharing of electrons Isotopes = Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons Radioactive isotopes = Isotopes that emit radiation Compounds = Pure substances formed from two or more different elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the arrangement of elements in the periodic table referred to as?

<p>Groups and Rows (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Compounds can be broken down into simpler substances by physical means.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are neutrons?

<p>Neutrons are particles that have no charge and are located in the nucleus of an atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the upward curve in a chemical reaction diagram typically represent?

<p>Activation energy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an exothermic reaction, heat and/or light energy is released.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why must chemical equations be balanced?

<p>To ensure the conservation of mass, the number of atoms for each element must be equal on both sides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a chemical reaction, ___ energy is required to initiate the breaking of bonds.

<p>activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is formed as a result of the reaction between glucose and oxygen?

<p>Carbon dioxide and water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a balanced chemical equation, the number of atoms of each element is the same on both the reactant and product sides.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of chemical reaction absorbs heat energy?

<p>Endothermic reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process in which atoms or groups of atoms are reorganized into different substances is called a __________.

<p>chemical reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of bonds to their descriptions:

<p>Ionic Bonds = Attraction between oppositely charged atoms Covalent Bonds = Sharing of electron pairs between atoms Metallic Bonds = Shared electrons among a lattice of atoms Hydrogen Bonds = Weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the arrow in a chemical equation indicate?

<p>The process of change (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Exothermic reactions absorb heat from their surroundings.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is activation energy?

<p>The minimum amount of energy needed for a chemical reaction to occur</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?

<p>Lowers the activation energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Enzymes are consumed in the chemical reactions they catalyze.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific location on an enzyme where substrates bind called?

<p>active site</p> Signup and view all the answers

Enzymes can be affected by extreme changes in ______ and ______.

<p>temperature, pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the enzyme-substrate complex?

<p>Bonds in reactants are broken (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option describes how an enzyme increases the rate of a chemical reaction?

<p>It lowers the activation energy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All enzymes function optimally at the same temperature and pH.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Atom

The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of that element.

Element

A pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by physical or chemical means.

Periodic Table

A chart that organizes elements by their atomic number and properties.

Isotope

Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons and electrons but have a different number of neutrons.

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Radioactive Isotope

Isotopes that have unstable nuclei and emit radiation.

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Compound

A pure substance formed when two or more different elements combine in a fixed ratio.

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Covalent bond

A chemical bond that forms when electrons are SHARED between atoms.

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Molecule

A molecule is a compound in which the atoms are held together by covalent bonds.

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Ionic bond

The force of attraction between oppositely charged atoms or groups of atoms.

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Chemical reaction

A process where atoms or groups of atoms in substances are reorganized into different substances.

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Reactants

The starting substances in a chemical reaction, found on the left side of the arrow in a chemical equation.

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Products

The substances formed during a chemical reaction, found on the right side of the arrow in a chemical equation.

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Chemical Equation

A representation of a chemical reaction using symbols and formulas. It shows the reactants, products, and the direction of the reaction.

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Balanced chemical equation

A chemical equation where the number of atoms of each element on the reactant side equals the number of atoms of the same element on the product side.

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Activation energy

The minimum amount of energy required for reactants to form products in a chemical reaction.

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Exothermic reaction

A chemical reaction that releases heat energy into the surroundings. The products have lower energy than the reactants.

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Enzyme

A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process.

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Reactants and Products in Chemical Reactions

Reactants are the starting materials in a chemical reaction, while products are the substances formed as a result of the reaction.

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Balancing Chemical Equations

Chemical equations must be balanced to ensure the law of conservation of mass is followed, meaning the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation.

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Catalyst

A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process.

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Substrates

The molecules that an enzyme acts upon. They bind to the enzyme's active site.

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Active Site

The specific location on an enzyme where the substrate binds. It's like a pocket that is shaped to fit the substrate.

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Enzyme-substrate Complex

A temporary complex formed when a substrate binds to the active site of an enzyme. This facilitates breaking and forming of chemical bonds in the substrate.

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Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity

Factors that can affect enzyme activity, such as temperature, pH, and the presence of inhibitors or activators.

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Denaturation

The process of changing an enzyme's shape beyond its normal configuration, often rendering it inactive. Usually caused by extreme temperatures or pH.

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Study Notes

Chemistry in Biology: Atoms, Elements, and Compounds

  • Chemistry is the study of matter.
  • Atoms are the fundamental building blocks of matter.
  • Neutrons and protons are located in the atom's nucleus.
  • Protons have a positive charge.
  • Neutrons have no charge.
  • Electrons have a negative charge and orbit the nucleus.
  • Elements are pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by physical or chemical means.
  • There are over 100 known elements, with 92 occurring naturally.
  • Each element has a unique name and symbol.
  • The periodic table organizes elements by increasing atomic number.
  • Horizontal rows are called periods.
  • Vertical columns are called groups or families.
  • Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons.
  • Radioactive isotopes give off radiation when their nuclei break apart, used in various applications.
  • Compounds are pure substances formed when two or more different elements combine in a fixed ratio.
  • Compounds cannot be broken down into simpler substances by physical means.
  • Chemical bonds hold atoms together in compounds.
  • Covalent bonds form when atoms share electrons.
  • A molecule is a compound whose atoms are held together by covalent bonds.
  • Ionic bonds form through electrical attraction between oppositely charged atoms or groups of atoms.

Chemical Reactions

  • A chemical reaction is the process where atoms or groups of atoms in substances are rearranged to form new substances.
  • Clues indicating a chemical reaction include heat/light production, gas/liquid/solid formation.
  • Chemical formulas depict substances in reactions. Arrows indicate the change process.
  • Reactants are starting substances (left side of the reaction arrow).
  • Products are substances produced during the reaction (right side of the reaction arrow).
  • The law of conservation of mass states matter cannot be created or destroyed during a chemical reaction. Therefore, in a balanced equation, the number of atoms of each element must be equal on both sides of the equation.
  • Glucose and oxygen react to form carbon dioxide and water (C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O).
  • Activation energy is the minimum energy required for a reaction to start, crucial for chemical reactions.
  • Exothermic reactions release energy (heat). Energy is lower in final products comparing to reactants.
  • Endothermic reactions absorb energy (heat). Energy is higher in final products comparing to reactants.
  • Catalysts, like enzymes, lower the activation energy needed to start chemical reactions.
  • Enzymes are biological catalysts, crucial for life processes.
  • Substrates are reactants that bind to enzymes.
  • Active sites are specific locations on enzymes where substrates attach.
  • Enzymes change shape during reactions to facilitate bonds breaking, forming new ones.
  • Factors like pH and temperature affect enzyme activity and can denature enzymes, which means their shape changes and they lose function.

Chapter Diagnostic & Formative Questions

  • Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.
  • A match burning is an example of a chemical reaction.
  • Reactions that absorb energy are endothermic.
  • Enzymes lower the activation energy needed for reactions to occur.
  • In an enzyme-substrate complex, chemical bonds are broken and new bonds are formed which will form products.
  • Activation energy is the upward curve on a reaction energy diagram.
  • Chemical reactions must be balanced because mass is conserved in chemical reactions.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the basic concepts of chemistry, including atoms, elements, and compounds. This quiz covers the structure of atoms, the organization of the periodic table, and the properties of elements and compounds. Ideal for students studying the intersection of chemistry and biology.

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