Chemistry: Hydrocarbons and Reactions
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Questions and Answers

What happens to the boiling point of alkanes as the number of carbon atoms increases?

  • Fluctuates unpredictably
  • Remains constant
  • Decreases
  • Increases (correct)

    • Which of the following statements about the viscosity of alkanes is true?

  • It only depends on the molecular weight
  • It decreases as carbon atoms increase
  • It remains unchanged with more carbon atoms
  • It increases as the number of carbon atoms increases (correct)

    • What is true about the flammability of alkanes with increasing carbon atoms?

  • Flammability increases significantly
  • Flammability remains constant
  • Flammability decreases (correct)
  • Flammability remains low overall

    • Which hydrocarbons contain at least one carbon to carbon double bond?

    <p>Alkenes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general formula for alkenes?

    <p>CnH2n</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the process of cracking, what is being produced from longer chain hydrocarbons?

    <p>Smaller, more useful hydrocarbons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason smaller hydrocarbons are preferred as fuels?

    <p>Easier to ignite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes alkanes?

    <p>They contain only single carbon-carbon bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a hydrocarbon?

    <p>A compound made of hydrogen and carbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of fractional distillation?

    <p>To separate crude oil into its different components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the neutralisation reaction between sulphuric acid and copper oxide, what is produced?

    <p>Copper sulphate and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do hydrocarbons with different molecular sizes behave during fractional distillation?

    <p>They condense at different levels based on their boiling points</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the first steps in the process of making copper sulphate?

    <p>Add copper oxide to sulphuric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does viscosity measure?

    <p>The ability of a liquid to flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about crude oil is true?

    <p>Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons with varying boiling points</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs after crude oil vaporizes in a distillation column?

    <p>Vapors rise and condense at lower temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the cracking process in hydrocarbons?

    <p>To break long-chain hydrocarbons into shorter ones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is produced as one of the products of cracking?

    <p>Short-chain alkane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about alkenes is true?

    <p>Alkenes contain at least one carbon to carbon double bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which formula represents an alkene?

    <p>C2H4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'addition reaction' refer to in the context of alkenes?

    <p>A reaction where an element or compound is added across a double bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the cracking equation C10H22 → C8H18 + C2H4, which compound is an alkene?

    <p>C2H4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reactions can alkenes undergo?

    <p>Addition reactions and polymerization reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general formula for alkenes?

    <p>CnH2n</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Key Terms and Concepts

    • Hydrocarbon: Compounds composed exclusively of hydrogen and carbon atoms, bonded covalently.
    • Fractional Distillation: A separation process where crude oil is divided into different compounds based on boiling points.

    Neutralisation Reaction

    • Forms a salt that can be either soluble or insoluble.
    • Example: Reaction between sulphuric acid and copper oxide produces soluble copper sulphate and water.
    • Steps to produce copper sulphate:
      • Combine copper oxide and sulphuric acid in a conical flask.
      • Stir until the reaction is complete.
      • Filter off excess copper oxide.
      • Evaporate water from the solution to obtain blue crystals of copper sulphate.

    Crude Oil

    • A complex mixture of hydrocarbons derived from ancient biomass primarily consisting of plankton.
    • Requires fractional distillation for effective use due to varying boiling points of its components.
    • Process of fractional distillation:
      • Heat crude oil until it vaporizes.
      • Vapours ascend a column, cooling and condensing at varying levels.
      • Hydrocarbons condense at different temperatures based on size, creating fractions.

    Characteristics of Hydrocarbons

    • As carbon atom count increases:
      • Molecules grow larger and heavier
      • Boiling points rise
      • Flammability decreases
      • Viscosity increases, making liquids thicker

    Alkanes and Alkenes

    • Alkane: A hydrocarbon consisting of carbon to carbon single bonds (e.g., methane, ethane).
    • Represented by molecular formulas like CH₄, C₂H₆, C₃H₈, C₄H₁₀.
    • Alkene: A hydrocarbon with at least one carbon to carbon double bond, generally represented as CnH2n.
    • Alkenes undergo addition reactions, where elements or compounds react across the double bond, changing their structure.

    Cracking Process

    • Used to convert long-chain hydrocarbons from crude oil into shorter, more useful hydrocarbons.
    • Involves:
      • Heating alkanes to turn them into vapour.
      • Passing vapour over a hot catalyst, producing:
        • One shorter alkane (valuable as fuel)
        • One alkene (useful for making polymers).

    Unsaturated Compounds

    • Compounds that contain at least one carbon to carbon double bond (e.g., alkenes).
    • Allow capacity for additional hydrogen atoms due to the presence of double bonds.

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    C9 - Crude Oil and Fuels PDF

    Description

    Explore key concepts in chemistry including hydrocarbons and neutralisation reactions. Learn about the process of fractional distillation and how it is used to separate components of crude oil. This quiz will help reinforce your understanding of these fundamental topics.

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