Chemistry Fundamentals Quiz

Study Notes

Chemistry Fundamentals

Organic chemistry deals with carbon-containing compounds, while inorganic chemistry encompasses all other chemical compounds.
The three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas.

Comparing Matter

Elements are pure substances consisting of only one type of atom. Atoms are the smallest units of elements with chemical identity.
Compounds are substances formed from two or more different elements chemically bonded. Mixtures consist of two or more substances combined physically, not chemically.

Changes in Matter

Matter can undergo physical changes (altering form without changing composition) and chemical changes (where new substances are formed).

Redox Reactions

Oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions involve the transfer of electrons between substances, where one is oxidized (loses electrons) and the other is reduced (gains electrons).

Chemical Compounds

Four classifications of chemical compounds include acids, bases (alkalis), salts, and organic compounds.

Matter Classifications

Solutions are clear homogeneous mixtures, suspensions contain larger particles and can settle, while emulsions are mixtures of two immiscible liquids stabilized by emulsifiers.

pH Scale

pH measures acidity or alkalinity, on a scale from 0 (most acidic) to 14 (most alkaline), with 7 being neutral.

Importance of pH

Understanding the acidity (pH < 7) or alkalinity (pH > 7) of shampoo is crucial as it affects hair and scalp health, influencing cleansing and conditioning properties.

Effects of Solutions on Hair

Acidic solutions can smooth hair cuticles and enhance shine, while alkaline solutions can raise cuticles, potentially leading to frizz and damage.

Shampoo Molecules

Shampoo molecules consist of surfactants, which cleanse by interacting with oils and dirt, and conditioning agents that help smooth and hydrate hair.

Types of Shampoo Formulations

Types include balancing shampoos (for oily hair), clarifying shampoos (removes product buildup), and color-enhancing shampoos (adds color).

Types of Conditioners

Types of conditioners include moisturizing, protein-based, leave-in, and deep conditioning formulas.

Glossary Definitions

Acids refer to solutions with a pH below 7.0; alkalis (or bases) have a pH above 7.0.
Atoms are the fundamental building blocks of matter.
Chemical compounds are made up of two or more different elements chemically bonded with fixed proportions and distinct properties.

Description

Test your knowledge on the basics of chemistry, including organic and inorganic compounds, states of matter, and the properties of elements and compounds. This quiz covers fundamental concepts such as physical and chemical changes and redox reactions.