Chemistry Fundamentals and Scientific Method

<p>6.53 × 10^-4 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Micro (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>31.6 cm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3.5 × 10^5 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>4.851 ng (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>6200 m (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>tK = tC + 273.15 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.00000000198 s (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>tC = (tF - 32) × 5/9 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>tC = tK - 273.15 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.0523 g (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>-34°C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ability to react with oxygen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water (H2O) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Its components can be seen separately (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compound (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Measurement of temperature at which a substance changes state (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Saltwater (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chlorine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cannot be decomposed into simpler substances (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>4 significant figures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1 yd = 0.9144 m (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1.3716 × 10^2 m (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3 significant figures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Look at the leftmost digit to be dropped (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Add 1 to the last digit to be retained (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1.22 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>-1.14 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>-1.14 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.736 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.035 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dropping nonsignificant digits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5.73 × 10^-4 kg (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5.43 × 10^-5 m³ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>450 ft (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>75 ft (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.9144 m (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1 mL = 1 cm³ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1 kg = 10³ g (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1 × 10^-6 m³ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A characteristic of a material that describes its chemical change.

A particular kind of matter that cannot be separated into other kinds of matter using physical methods.

A substance that can't be broken down into simpler substances by a chemical reaction.

A substance made of two or more elements chemically combined.

A material made of two or more substances that can be physically separated.

A mixture where different parts have different properties and can easily be told apart.

A mixture with the same composition throughout; also called a solution.

A distinct homogeneous material within the matter being studied.

Dropping digits that are not significant and adjusting the last digit

The digits in a number that are meaningful and contribute to the precision of a measurement or calculation.

Add 1 to the last digit retained, drop all later digits if the leftmost dropped digit is 5 or greater.

Drop all digits farther to the right if the leftmost dropped digit is less than 5.

1.215 rounded to 3 significant figures is 1.22.

Rounding a number to a specific number of decimal places.

Example is rounding of result of calculation to three significant figures or two decimal places

Rounding the final answer of a series of calculations.

To convert milligrams (mg) to grams (g), divide the number of milligrams by 1000.

To convert grams (g) to kilograms (kg), divide the number of grams by 1000.

1 milliliter (mL) is equal to 1 cubic centimeter (cm³).

To convert cubic centimeters (cm³) to cubic meters (m³), divide the number of cubic centimeters by 1,000,000.

One cubit is equal to 1.5 feet.

Three feet (ft) are equal to one yard (yd).

One yard (yd) is equal to 0.9144 meters.

A way of writing very large or very small numbers using powers of 10.

Zeroes at the end of a number after the decimal point are significant.

Zeroes before the first non-zero digit in a number are NOT significant.

The result should have the same number of significant figures as the value with the fewest significant figures.

The answer should have the same number of decimal places as the value with the fewest decimal places.

The fundamental building blocks of the SI system of measurement. They form the basis for all other derived units.

Combinations of letters added to a base unit that represent different powers of 10, making measurements easier to express.

To express extremely large or small numbers in a more concise and manageable way.

Base units are fundamental units like meter (m), second (s), and kilogram (kg). Derived units are created by combining base units, like speed (m/s).

The number of significant figures in the result is limited by the least precise measurement used in the calculation.

They indicate the level of accuracy and precision of a measurement, which is crucial for scientific communication and analysis.

To convert kilometers (km) to meters (m), multiply by 1000. 1 km = 1000 m

To convert centimeters (cm) to meters (m), divide by 100. 1 cm = 0.01 m

To convert nanoseconds (ns) to seconds (s), divide by 1 billion (10^9). 1 ns = 1 x 10^-9 s

To convert milligrams (mg) to grams (g), divide by 1000. 1 mg = 0.001 g

Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. It tells us how 'hot' something is.

Heat always flows from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature.

To convert Celsius (°C) to Kelvin (K), add 273.15 to the Celsius temperature

To convert Fahrenheit (°F) to Celsius (°C), subtract 32 from the Fahrenheit temperature, then multiply by 5/9.