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Questions and Answers
What is the correct rounding of the value 3.23225000 considering significant figures?
What is the correct rounding of the value 3.23225000 considering significant figures?
Which of the following is a base unit of the SI system?
Which of the following is a base unit of the SI system?
In scientific notation, what does ‘A’ represent in the expression A × 10^n?
In scientific notation, what does ‘A’ represent in the expression A × 10^n?
Which of the following represents 0.000653 in scientific notation?
Which of the following represents 0.000653 in scientific notation?
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Which metric prefix corresponds to the power of 10^-6?
Which metric prefix corresponds to the power of 10^-6?
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What is 3.16 × 10^-2 meters when expressed using the appropriate SI prefix?
What is 3.16 × 10^-2 meters when expressed using the appropriate SI prefix?
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What is the correct scientific notation for the number 350,000?
What is the correct scientific notation for the number 350,000?
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How should the measurement 4.851 × 10^-9 grams be expressed using the appropriate SI prefix?
How should the measurement 4.851 × 10^-9 grams be expressed using the appropriate SI prefix?
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What is the conversion of 6.20 km to meters?
What is the conversion of 6.20 km to meters?
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How do you convert Celsius temperature to Kelvin?
How do you convert Celsius temperature to Kelvin?
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What is the conversion of 1.98 ns to seconds?
What is the conversion of 1.98 ns to seconds?
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What is the formula to convert Fahrenheit to Celsius?
What is the formula to convert Fahrenheit to Celsius?
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How do you convert Kelvin temperature to Celsius?
How do you convert Kelvin temperature to Celsius?
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What is the conversion of 5.23 mg to grams?
What is the conversion of 5.23 mg to grams?
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If the temperature in interior Alaska is -30°F, what is its Celsius equivalent?
If the temperature in interior Alaska is -30°F, what is its Celsius equivalent?
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What is a characteristic of a chemical property?
What is a characteristic of a chemical property?
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Which of the following is an example of a compound?
Which of the following is an example of a compound?
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What distinguishes a heterogeneous mixture from a homogeneous mixture?
What distinguishes a heterogeneous mixture from a homogeneous mixture?
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Which of the following substances can be decomposed by chemical reactions?
Which of the following substances can be decomposed by chemical reactions?
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What is the boiling point considered in terms of physical properties?
What is the boiling point considered in terms of physical properties?
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Which of the following is an example of a homogeneous mixture?
Which of the following is an example of a homogeneous mixture?
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Potassium reacts vigorously with which of the following?
Potassium reacts vigorously with which of the following?
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What is the primary characteristic of a substance?
What is the primary characteristic of a substance?
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How many significant figures are in 310.0 kg?
How many significant figures are in 310.0 kg?
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What is the conversion factor from yards to meters?
What is the conversion factor from yards to meters?
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What is the result of converting 4.5 × 10 ft to meters using the correct conversion?
What is the result of converting 4.5 × 10 ft to meters using the correct conversion?
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What is the total number of significant figures in 91,000?
What is the total number of significant figures in 91,000?
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What is the first step in the rounding procedure?
What is the first step in the rounding procedure?
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How should you round if the leftmost digit to be dropped is 5 or greater?
How should you round if the leftmost digit to be dropped is 5 or greater?
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What is 1.2151 rounded to three significant figures?
What is 1.2151 rounded to three significant figures?
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What is the result of rounding 0.453 - 1.59 to two decimal places?
What is the result of rounding 0.453 - 1.59 to two decimal places?
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If the calculator shows -1.13700000 after the calculation 0.453 - 1.59, how should it be rounded?
If the calculator shows -1.13700000 after the calculation 0.453 - 1.59, how should it be rounded?
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What is the final result of rounding 0.736483 to three significant figures?
What is the final result of rounding 0.736483 to three significant figures?
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After performing the calculation 0.456 - 0.421, what should the answer be rounded to?
After performing the calculation 0.456 - 0.421, what should the answer be rounded to?
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What does rounding involve?
What does rounding involve?
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What is the value of 573 mg expressed in kilograms?
What is the value of 573 mg expressed in kilograms?
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How many cubic meters are equivalent to 54.3 mL of ethanol?
How many cubic meters are equivalent to 54.3 mL of ethanol?
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If 1 cubit is equal to 1.5 feet, what is the length of Noah’s ark in feet when expressed as 3.0 × 10² cubits?
If 1 cubit is equal to 1.5 feet, what is the length of Noah’s ark in feet when expressed as 3.0 × 10² cubits?
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When converting 5.0 × 10¹ cubits to feet, what is the resulting length?
When converting 5.0 × 10¹ cubits to feet, what is the resulting length?
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How many meters are there in 1 yard?
How many meters are there in 1 yard?
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What is the relationship between milliliters and cubic centimeters?
What is the relationship between milliliters and cubic centimeters?
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Which conversion factor can be used to convert kilograms to grams?
Which conversion factor can be used to convert kilograms to grams?
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What is the value of 1 mL in terms of cubic meters?
What is the value of 1 mL in terms of cubic meters?
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Study Notes
Chemistry Fundamentals
- Chemistry is the study of the composition, structure, and changes of matter.
- Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass.
- A substance has a definite composition and distinct properties.
Scientific Method
- The scientific method is a systematic approach to research, involving observation, representation (hypothesis), and interpretation.
- A hypothesis is a tentative explanation for observations.
- A law is a concise statement of a relationship between phenomena that is always the same under the same conditions.
- A theory is a unifying principle that explains a body of facts and/or laws based on them.
- Experiments are crucial for testing hypotheses and refining theories. Results from experiments can impact how a theory is modified.
States of Matter
- Solids have fixed shape and volume.
- Liquids have fixed volume but no fixed shape.
- Gases have neither fixed volume nor shape.
Types of Changes
- Physical changes affect the form of matter but not its chemical identity (e.g., melting, dissolving).
- Chemical changes transform one or more kinds of matter into new kinds of matter (e.g., rusting, burning).
Properties of Matter
- Physical properties can be observed without changing the chemical identity of a material (e.g., physical state, boiling point, color).
- Chemical properties describe how a material behaves when undergoing a chemical change (e.g. ability to react with oxygen).
Classification of Matter
-
Substances: Cannot be separated into other kinds of matter by physical processes (e.g., distillation, sublimation).
- Elements: Cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by any chemical reaction (e.g., hydrogen, carbon, oxygen).
- Compounds: Composed of two or more elements chemically combined (e.g., water (H₂O), carbon dioxide (CO₂)).
-
Mixtures: A combination of two or more substances (e.g., Italian salad dressing, saltwater).
- Homogeneous mixtures: Uniform in properties throughout (solution - e.g., saltwater, air). - A solution is a homogeneous mixture.
- Heterogeneous mixtures: Mixture composed of physically distinct parts with different properties. Heterogeneous mixtures are not uniform
Measurements
- Measurement compares a physical quantity with a fixed standard (unit).
- Precision refers to the closeness of a set of repeated measurements.
- Accuracy refers to the closeness of a single measurement to its true value.
- Significant figures indicate the precision of a measurement or calculation.
Significant Figures in Calculations
- Addition and subtraction: the result has the same number of decimal places as the measurement with the fewest decimal places.
- Multiplication and division: the result has the same number of significant figures as the measurement with the fewest significant figures
- Rounding Procedures are used to determine the correct number of significant figures (use the first nonsignificant digit to determine the rounding procedure used)
SI Units
- SI Units (System International d’Unités) is an international system of metric units.
- Base units are fundamental units from which all other units can be derived. (meter, kilogram, second etc)
Scientific Notation
- Scientific notation represents numbers in the form A × 10ⁿ, where 1 ≤ A < 10 and n is an integer.
- Digits in A are significant.
Temperature Conversions
- Temperature is a measure of "hotness," with heat flowing from higher to lower temperature.
- Common units include Celsius (°C), Fahrenheit (°F), and Kelvin (K).
- Conversion formulas exist to change between these units.
Density
- Density is mass per unit volume.
- Density is expressed in units like g/cm³, g/mL, or g/L
Units and Dimensional Analysis
- Dimensional analysis (factor-label method) is a method of calculation using units through conversions to get to the desired unit.
- Conversion factors are used to convert between different units.
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Description
This quiz covers the essential principles of chemistry, including the composition and states of matter, the scientific method, and the nature of physical and chemical changes. Test your understanding of these foundational concepts critical to the study of chemistry.
