Chemistry for Engineers: Biodegradable Plastics

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary source of conventional plastics?

  • Vegetable oil
  • Renewable biomass sources
  • Crude oil (correct)
  • Natural starch

What is a primary benefit of bioplastics over traditional plastics?

  • They do not release carbon dioxide when burned.
  • They are derived from renewable biomass. (correct)
  • They decompose faster than traditional plastics.
  • They are cheaper to produce than petroleum-based plastics.

Which type of bioplastic is commonly used for drug capsules and goods packaging?

  • Synthetic bioplastic
  • Cellulose based
  • Protein based
  • Starch based (correct)

Among the following, which bioplastic type is made from cellulose esters?

<p>Cellulose based (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one environmental concern associated with traditional plastics?

<p>They release carbon dioxide when burned (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does glycerol play when added to potato starch based bioplastics?

<p>Acts as a plasticizer to enhance flexibility (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of plastic is broken down through exposure to sunlight?

<p>Photodegradable plastics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the formation of potato starch-based bioplastics?

<p>To break down amylopectin for film formation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about biodegradation of bioplastics is true?

<p>Soil bacteria can facilitate the degradation of starch-based bioplastics. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of glycerol contributes to the plasticization of potato starch bioplastics?

<p>It is hygroscopic and can absorb moisture. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key advantage of bioplastics over conventional plastics?

<p>They decompose faster than traditional plastics. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bioplastic is primarily utilized for making body panels of automobiles?

<p>Protein based (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common source used to produce starch-based bioplastics?

<p>Potato starch (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary material used to manufacture cellulose-based bioplastics?

<p>Cellulose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT associated with traditional plastics?

<p>Short decomposition period (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process describes the breakdown of organic materials by natural processes and micro-organisms?

<p>Biodegradation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of adding glycerol to potato starch-based bioplastics?

<p>It improves flexibility and elasticity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bacteria is NOT involved in the biodegradation of bioplastics?

<p>E. coli species (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of using hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the formation of potato starch-based bioplastics?

<p>To break down amylopectin for film formation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements correctly describes a characteristic of potato starch?

<p>It is composed of long chains of glucose units. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key environmental disadvantage of traditional plastics?

<p>They contribute to global warming when burned. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary ingredient used to create starch-based bioplastics?

<p>Potato starch (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bioplastic is commonly used in applications such as thermoplastics and packaging?

<p>Cellulose based (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about bioplastics is true?

<p>Bioplastics are derived from renewable biomass sources. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one commonly known application for protein-based bioplastics?

<p>Body panels of automobiles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the addition of glycerol have on potato starch-based bioplastics?

<p>It increases their flexibility and elasticity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of plastics degrade under exposure to water?

<p>Biodegradable plastics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following plays a role in enhancing the degradation of bioplastics?

<p>Addition of glycerol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary purpose does hydrochloric acid (HCl) serve in the production of potato starch-based bioplastics?

<p>It aids in the film formation by breaking down amylopectin. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bacteria is involved in the biodegradation of bioplastics?

<p>Pseudomonas species (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common source of renewable biomass used in the production of bioplastics?

<p>Vegetable oil (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bioplastic is primarily used for automotive body panels?

<p>Protein-based (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What environmental problem is associated with traditional plastics when they are burned?

<p>Release of carbon dioxide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bioplastic is widely used in products like good packaging and drug capsules?

<p>Starch-based (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bioplastic type is made from cellulose esters and is commonly used for thermoplastics?

<p>Cellulose-based (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of water in the biodegradation process of bioplastics?

<p>Water provides hydration for microorganisms to thrive. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the addition of glycerol affect the rigidity of amylose in bioplastics?

<p>Glycerol disrupts hydrogen bonds, increasing flexibility. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the types of plastics mentioned?

<p>Photodegradable plastics require sunlight to break down. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of amylopectin in potato starch?

<p>It consists of highly-branched glucose units. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor significantly enhances the degradation of bioplastics?

<p>Addition of glycerol to increase moisture retention. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Bioplastics

Plastics derived from renewable biomass sources like vegetable oil or corn starch.

Starch-based bioplastics

Bioplastics made from natural starch, commonly used in packaging and drug capsules.

Cellulose-based bioplastics

Bioplastics made from cellulose esters, used as thermoplastics and for packaging.

Protein-based bioplastics

Bioplastics derived from proteins like soy or wheat, used in car parts.

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Traditional Plastics

Plastics typically derived from crude oil (petroleum).

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Environmental Impact (Plastics)

Burning plastics releases carbon dioxide, contributing to global warming, and they take a long time to decompose.

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Learning Objective (Bioplastics Experiment)

Students aim to create plastic film from potato starch at the end of the experiment.

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Biodegradation

The process where organic materials are broken down by natural processes and microorganisms.

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Biodegradable plastics

Plastics that can be broken down by bacteria in the soil.

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Photodegradable plastics

Plastics degraded by sunlight.

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Potato Starch

A polymer made of glucose units, comprising amylose and amylopectin.

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Amylose

A long-chain carbohydrate polymer in starch.

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Amylopectin

A highly-branched carbohydrate polymer in starch.

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Hydrochloric acid (HCl) purpose

Breaks down amylopectin to allow film formation in bioplastics.

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Glycerol, purpose

A plasticizer that increases the flexibility and elasticity of bioplastics by disrupting hydrogen bonds between starch molecules and absorbing moisture.

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Pseudomonas species

A type of bacteria commonly found in the soil that is involved in biodegradation of bioplastics.

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Streptococcus species

A another type of bacteria found in the soil used in biodegradation.

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Staphylococcus species

Types of bacteria found in the soil that are involved in biodegradation of bioplastics.

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Bioplastics degradation

It is the process of breaking down bioplastics by bacteria in the soil.

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Bioplastics

Plastics made from renewable resources, not oil.

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Traditional Plastics

Plastics made from petroleum (crude oil).

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Environmental Impact (Plastics)

Burning plastics releases CO2, harming the environment, and takes a long time to break down.

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Starch-based Bioplastics

Bioplastics made from natural starch, often used in packaging.

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Cellulose-based Bioplastics

Bioplastics made from cellulose esters, used in plastics.

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Protein-based Bioplastics

Bioplastics made from proteins, such as soy or wheat.

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Biodegradable Plastics

Plastics that break down naturally by bacteria.

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Learning Objective (Bioplastics)

Students create plastic from potato starch in the experiment.

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Biodegradation

The breakdown of organic materials by natural processes and microorganisms.

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Biodegradable plastics

Plastics that naturally break down in the environment.

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Photodegradable plastics

Plastics that break down when exposed to sunlight.

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Potato starch

A polymer made of glucose units, used to make bioplastics.

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Amylose

A long chain carbohydrate polymer in starch.

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Amylopectin

A branched carbohydrate polymer in starch.

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HCl purpose

Breaks down amylopectin to create bioplastic film.

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Glycerol's purpose

Makes bioplastic flexible and elastic by disrupting starch bonds and absorbing water.

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Bioplastic degradation bacteria

Bacteria that break down bioplastics in the soil (e.g., Pseudomonas species).

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Bioplastics

Plastics made from renewable resources, not oil

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Traditional Plastics

Plastics made from petroleum (crude oil).

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Environmental Impact (Plastics)

Burning plastics releases CO2, harming the environment, and takes a long time to break down.

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Starch-based Bioplastics

Bioplastics made from natural starch, often used in packaging.

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Cellulose-based Bioplastics

Bioplastics made from cellulose esters, used in plastics.

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Protein-based Bioplastics

Bioplastics made from proteins, such as soy or wheat.

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Biodegradable Plastics

Plastics that naturally break down in the environment.

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Learning Objective (Bioplastics)

Students create plastic from potato starch in the experiment.

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Biodegradation

The breakdown of organic materials by natural processes and microorganisms.

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Biodegradation

The process of organic materials breaking down naturally, often by microorganisms.

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Biodegradable plastics

Plastics that break down naturally by bacteria.

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Photodegradable plastics

Plastics designed to break down in sunlight.

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Potato starch

A polymer made of glucose units, often used to make bioplastics.

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Amylose

A long-chain carbohydrate polymer in starch.

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Amylopectin

A branched-chain carbohydrate polymer in starch.

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HCl purpose (starch-bioplastic)

Breaks down amylopectin to allow film formation in starch-based bioplastics.

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Glycerol purpose (starch - bioplastic)

A plasticizer that increases flexibility and elasticity of starch-based bioplastics.

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Bacteria in biodegradation (Example)

Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, and Staphylococcus species are examples of bacteria involved in bioplastic breakdown.

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Bioplastics Definition

Plastics made from renewable resources, not oil.

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Traditional Plastics

Plastics derived from petroleum.

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Environmental Impact (Plastics)

Burning plastics releases CO2, harming the environment, and takes a long time to break down.

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Starch-Based Bioplastics

Bioplastics made from natural starch, used in packaging.

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Cellulose-Based Bioplastics

Bioplastics made from cellulose esters, used in plastics applications.

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Protein-Based Bioplastics

Bioplastics derived from proteins like soy or wheat (used in various applications).

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Biodegradable Plastics

Plastics that naturally break down in the environment by bacteria.

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Learning Objective (Bioplastics)

Create plastic film from potato starch in the experiment/lab.

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Biodegradation

The process of organic materials breaking down naturally by microorganisms in the environment.

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Potato Starch

A polymer made of glucose units; used to make bioplastics.

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Amylose

A long-chain carbohydrate polymer in starch.

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Amylopectin

A branched carbohydrate polymer in starch.

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HCl Purpose (Bioplastics)

Breaks down amylopectin in starch to form a bioplastic film.

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Glycerol Purpose (Bioplastics)

Increases the flexibility and elasticity of starch-based bioplastics.

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Bacteria in biodegradation Example

Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, and Staphylococcus species.

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Biodegradation

The breakdown of organic materials by natural processes and microorganisms.

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Biodegradable plastics

Plastics that break down naturally by bacteria.

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Photodegradable plastics

Plastics that break down when exposed to sunlight

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Potato Starch

A polymer of glucose units; contains amylose (long chains) and amylopectin (branched chains).

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Amylose

A long-chain carbohydrate polymer found in starch.

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Amylopectin

A highly branched carbohydrate polymer in starch.

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HCl purpose (starch-based bioplastic)

Breaks down amylopectin, allowing film formation in starch-based bioplastics.

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Glycerol's purpose (starch-based bioplastic)

A plasticizer that increases the flexibility and elasticity of starch-based bioplastics.

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Bacteria in biodegradation (example)

Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, and Staphylococcus species are examples of bacteria involved in bioplastic breakdown.

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Study Notes

Prayer Before Class

  • Holy Spirit, the true source of light and wisdom, is asked to enlighten the intellect.
  • Dispelling darkness (sin and ignorance) is requested.
  • A penetrating mind, retentive memory, and the ability to comprehend and express are sought.
  • Guidance and success in the work is requested.
  • The prayer is made through Jesus Christ, the God and man, who reigns with the Father forever.

Post-Laboratory Discussion: Preparation of Biodegradable Plastics

  • The discussion concerns the preparation of biodegradable plastics.
  • This is for the Chemistry for Engineers Laboratory at UST General Santos.

Learning Objective

  • Students aim to create a plastic film from potato starch by the end of the experiment.

Plastics

  • Plastics are derived from crude oil (petroleum).
  • They heavily depend on dwindling fossil fuel resources.
  • Burning releases carbon dioxide, leading to global warming.
  • Decomposition takes a long time.

Decomposition Times

  • Presented are decomposition times for various materials.
    • Batteries: 110 years
    • Vegetable leaves/branches: Months
    • Food waste: Months
    • Newspapers: >1 month
    • Office papers: 2 years
    • Wax paper: 5 years
    • Stub filter: 2-3 years
    • Chewing gum: 30 years
    • Natural fabric clothes: 2-3 years
    • Synthetic fabric clothes: up to 40 years
    • Shoes: natural materials-10 years, synthetic - 80 years
    • Iron cans: 10 years, tin cans: 90, aluminum cans: 500
    • Rubber tires: 120-140 years
    • Glass: 1000 years
    • Polyethylene bags, plastic bottles: 100-200 years
    • Baby diapers: 200-500 years

What are Bioplastics?

  • Bioplastics are plastics derived from renewable biomass sources.
  • Typical sources include vegetable oil or corn starch.

Types of Bioplastics

  • Starch based: Made from natural starch; used in packaging and drug capsules.
  • Cellulose based: Made from cellulose esters; used in thermoplastics and packaging.
  • Protein based: Made from proteins (soy, wheat); used in automobile body panels.
  • Some aliphatic polyesters: Other types of bioplastics.

Characteristics of Petroleum-based vs. Bioplastics

Feature Petroleum-based Plastics Bioplastics
Energy Consumption High 48% lower
Raw Materials Petroleum (non-renewable) Biomass (renewable)
Carbon Footprint High 62% less CO2 emission
Presence of Chemicals Bisphenol A (BPA) present. No toxic chemicals present
Physical Properties Highly stable, thermo-plastic Equally stable, high thermo-plasticity
Biodegradability >1000 years to decompose 180 days to decompose

Biodegradability

  • Biodegradation is a process where natural processes and microorganisms break down organic materials.
  • Sunlight, water, bacteria, enzymes, and wind abrasion are involved.

Biodegradation of Bioplastics

  • Biodegradation can occur via several soil bacteria, including Pseudomonas and Streptococcus species.
  • Staphylococcus species also participate.
  • Potato starch bioplastics degrade via polymer chain breaking by bacteria.
  • Water absorption enhances bioplastic degradation.

Degradable Plastics Types

  • Biodegradable Plastics: Contain a small percentage of non-oil-based material (like corn starch).
  • Photodegradable plastics: Break down when exposed to sunlight.

Potato Starch

  • Potato starch is a polymer made up of glucose units.
  • It contains two carbohydrate polymers: amylose (long chain) and amylopectin (highly branched).
  • Amylopectin makes up the majority of starch.

Potato Starch Based Bioplastic

  • Hydrochloric acid (HCl) breaks down amylopectin to allow film formation.

Potato Starch Based Bioplastic - Glycerol

  • Glycerol serves as a plasticizer, adding flexibility and elasticity to the bioplastic.
  • It disrupts hydrogen bonds in starch molecules, weakening their rigid structure, making it more flexible.
  • Glycerol absorbs moisture, further plasticizing the bioplastic.

End of Discussion

  • The session concludes with a question-and-answer period.

Prayer After Class

  • A prayer is offered to God for a mind to know Him, a heart to seek Him, wisdom to find Him, and the conduct pleasing to Him.
  • Faithful perseverance and a hope to finally embrace Him are requested.

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