Chemistry Flashcards: Elements and Atoms

Questions and Answers

What is an element?

Substance that cannot be chemically broken down (correct)

Substance made of two or more atoms

Smallest part of an atom

Substance that can be chemically broken down

What is the smallest part of an element that can be identified as that element?

atom

What is the center of an atom called?

nucleus

What particle has a positive charge?

proton Signup and view all the answers

What particle has no charge?

neutron Signup and view all the answers

What particle has a negative charge?

electron Signup and view all the answers

What does the atomic number represent?

number of protons Signup and view all the answers

What is the total mass of the protons and neutrons in an atom called?

atomic mass Signup and view all the answers

What is the place in an electron cloud where an electron is most likely to be found called?

energy level Signup and view all the answers

What are the properties of a metal?

Ductility Signup and view all the answers

What element is not shiny and does not conduct electricity well?

nonmetal Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for elements that make up Group 17 in the periodic table?

halogens Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for elements that make up Group 18 in the periodic table?

noble gases Signup and view all the answers

What is matter?

anything that has mass and takes up space Signup and view all the answers

What are characteristics used to describe an object called?

properties Signup and view all the answers

What are the four states of matter?

Plasma Signup and view all the answers

What state of matter has a definite shape and volume?

solid Signup and view all the answers

What state of matter has a definite volume but no definite shape?

liquid Signup and view all the answers

What state of matter has no definite shape or volume?

gas Signup and view all the answers

What state of matter is made of electrically charged particles?

plasma Signup and view all the answers

What is a chemical formula?

way of writing the name of a compound using chemical symbols Signup and view all the answers

What is a subscript in a chemical formula?

number written to the lower right of a chemical symbol Signup and view all the answers

What is a chemical equation?

statement in which chemical formulas are used to describe a chemical reaction Signup and view all the answers

What does a coefficient in a chemical reaction indicate?

number that shows how many molecules of a substance are involved Signup and view all the answers

What process produces new substances with new properties?

chemical reaction Signup and view all the answers

What is a reactant?

substance that is changed in a chemical reaction Signup and view all the answers

What is a product?

substance that is formed in a chemical reaction Signup and view all the answers

What is a molecule?

smallest part of a substance that has all the properties of that substance Signup and view all the answers

What is a chemical bond?

force of attraction that holds atoms together Signup and view all the answers

What change involves a shift from a liquid to a solid?

freezing Signup and view all the answers

What change involves a shift from a solid to a liquid?

melting Signup and view all the answers

What change involves a shift from a liquid to a gas?

evaporation Signup and view all the answers

What change involves a shift from a gas to a liquid?

condensation Signup and view all the answers

What change involves a shift from a solid directly to a gas?

sublimation Signup and view all the answers

What is a physical change?

change that does not produce new substances Signup and view all the answers

What is a chemical change?

change that produces new substances Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Elements and Atoms

An element is a pure substance that cannot be chemically broken down into simpler substances.
An atom is the smallest unit of an element, identifiable as that element.

Atomic Structure

The nucleus is the center of an atom, containing protons and neutrons.
A proton is a positively charged particle located in the nucleus; the atomic number indicates the number of protons.
A neutron has no charge and is also found in the nucleus; its quantity can be determined by subtracting the atomic number from the atomic mass.
An electron is a negatively charged particle found in rings outside the nucleus; its number equals the atomic number of the element.

Atomic Properties

The atomic number represents the number of protons and is equal to the number of electrons in a neutral atom.
Atomic mass is the total mass of protons and neutrons in an atom.

Energy Levels

Energy levels refer to the areas in the electron cloud where electrons are most likely to be located, commonly represented by the sequence 2-8-18-32.

Metals and Nonmetals

Metals possess properties like shiny luster, ductility, and malleability.
Luster describes how a material reflects light.
Malleable substances can be shaped when hammered.
Ductile materials can be stretched into wires.
Nonmetals tend to be dull, poor conductors of heat and electricity, and are brittle.

Groups in the Periodic Table

Halogens are found in Group 17 of the periodic table.
Noble gases occupy Group 18 and are characterized by their lack of reactivity.

Matter and Its States

Matter is anything with mass that occupies space.
Properties are characteristics used to describe an object.
The states of matter include:
- Solid: Has a definite shape and volume.
- Liquid: Has a definite volume but no fixed shape.
- Gas: Lacks both definite shape and volume.
- Plasma: Comprised of charged particles and requires extreme temperatures and pressures.

Chemical Terms

A chemical formula uses symbols to represent compounds.
A subscript in a chemical formula indicates the number of atoms of an element in a molecule.
A chemical equation expresses a chemical reaction using formulas.
A coefficient denotes the number of molecules involved in a reaction.

Chemical Changes and Reactions

A chemical reaction results in new substances with different chemical and physical properties.
Reactants are the starting substances that undergo change.
Products are the new substances formed as a result of the reaction.
A molecule is the smallest part of a substance, containing more than one element (e.g., water consists of hydrogen and oxygen).

Types of Changes

Chemical bonds are forces that hold atoms together in molecules.
Freezing is the transition from a liquid to a solid.
Melting is the transition from a solid to a liquid.
Evaporation occurs when a liquid transforms into a gas at its surface.
Condensation is the process where a gas changes to a liquid.
Sublimation involves a solid changing directly into a gas.
A physical change does not create new substances, while a chemical change results in the formation of new substances.

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Test your knowledge of fundamental chemistry concepts with these flashcards. Focus on essential terms like element, atom, nucleus, and proton. Perfect for students looking to strengthen their understanding of atomic structure.