Questions and Answers
In a neutral atom, the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons.
True
Atoms of helium or nickel would represent ____.
elements
All atoms of the same element have the same number of protons.
True
Subatomic particles that do not possess any charge but provide mass to atoms are called ____.
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A neutral atom has equal numbers of ____ and electrons.
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Where are the subatomic particles located?
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An _____ is the smallest particle of an element that has the element's properties.
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What is all matter made of?
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What is contained in the nucleus of an atom?
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Only a million atoms would fit inside the period at the end of this sentence.
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The radius of an atom is closest in size to a ______.
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Subatomic particles with a positive charge are known as _____.
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What do all atoms of the same element have in common?
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Particles that 'orbit' the center of an atom are called ____.
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Which of the following are features of the nucleus of an atom?
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Overall, the nucleus of an atom has a(n) _____ charge.
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Which of the following groups of subatomic particles are comparable in size and mass?
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An atom containing an equal number of protons and electrons is electrically neutral.
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Which describes the density of the atomic nucleus compared to the density of the entire atom?
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Electrons are significantly smaller than protons and neutrons; we can ignore electrons when we consider the physical property of an atom.
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The small, dense region at the center of an atom is the ____.
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There is an electrical force of repulsion between protons in the nucleus.
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The nucleus of all atoms must consist of protons and neutrons.
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The nucleus of the atom is a positively charged region at the center of an atom, which consists of protons and neutrons.
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The strong nuclear force holds together the electrons and the neutrons while electrical charges push the electrons away from each other.
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The nucleus is very dense because it has virtually all of the atom's mass, but just a tiny fraction of the atom's total size.
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The nucleus makes up about 1/100th of the total radius of an atom.
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The density of nuclear matter:
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Which of the following are not located in the nucleus of an atom?
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The ______ is a small, dense, positively charged region at the center of the atom.
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The nucleus of an atom consists of protons and neutrons bound by a strong nuclear force.
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Which of the following subatomic particles orbits the nucleus?
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Because protons and neutrons make up the nucleus, and protons have a positive charge, neutrons have a negative charge.
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There is an electric force of repulsion between neutrons and protons.
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Study Notes
Atomic Structure Overview
- A neutral atom has an equal number of protons and electrons, maintaining electrical neutrality.
- Elements, such as helium and nickel, are pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler materials.
- All atoms of a specific element share the same number of protons, defining the element.
Subatomic Particles
- Neutrons are charge-less subatomic particles that contribute to the atom's mass.
- Protons carry a positive charge, while electrons carry a negative charge.
- Electrons "orbit" the nucleus of an atom, significantly impacting chemical properties despite being much smaller than protons and neutrons.
Atomic Composition
- The nucleus, located at the atom's center, contains protons and neutrons and has a positive charge due to the presence of protons.
- An atom's overall density is primarily attributed to its tiny nucleus, which holds most of its mass.
Size and Scale
- An atomic radius is measured in nanometers, a scale much smaller than microscopic dimensions.
- It is estimated that up to a million atoms could fit in the width of a period at the end of a sentence.
Properties of the Nucleus
- The nucleus is dense and accounts for the bulk of an atom's mass, despite taking up only a small fraction of its total volume.
- Electrical forces within the nucleus create repulsion among protons, yet the strong nuclear force binds protons and neutrons together.
- Not all atoms must contain neutrons; some have only protons.
Misconceptions
- Electrons do not have a negative charge; this is a false statement.
- The belief that nuclear densities change with atomic numbers is incorrect; they remain constant.
- The suggestion that neutrons possess a repulsive electric force against protons is also false.
Summary
- The atomic structure is foundational to understanding matter, comprising protons, neutrons, and electrons with distinctive roles and characteristics within the atom.
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Description
These flashcards cover key concepts related to atomic structure, including the relationship between protons and electrons, elements, and the uniqueness of atoms within the same element. They are perfect for anyone looking to solidify their understanding of basic atomic theory.
