Chemistry Flashcards: Active Ingredients in Rinses

Questions and Answers

Neutrons have which type of electrical charge?

none

The atomic number of a particular element indicates:

the number of protons in a single atom

In the process of making a cup of instant hot cocoa, what would the dry cocoa represent?

solute

Two or more of the same atoms joined together by a chemical bond is a(n):

molecule Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements is most abundant in the earth's crust and the second most abundant element in the earth's atmosphere?

Oxygen Signup and view all the answers

Mixtures of organic substances and a medicinal agent are:

ointments Signup and view all the answers

What product adheres to the hair shaft, even after ordinary rinsing, leaving hair easier to comb and handle?

cream rinse Signup and view all the answers

If a product label lists the following ingredients: 'water, cetyl alcohol, tocopherol and panthenol,' which ingredient would be found to have the largest amount?

water Signup and view all the answers

An ingredient found in conditioners making hair easier to comb and control static is:

amines/quats Signup and view all the answers

Matter with definite weight and volume but no definite shape is called:

liquid Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about surfactants is NOT true?

True Signup and view all the answers

Shampoo containing additives to improve tensile strength, elasticity and porosity of the hair is:

conditioning shampoo Signup and view all the answers

Mixtures of two or more kinds of molecules having a tendency to separate when left standing are known as:

suspensions Signup and view all the answers

What color does red litmus paper turn when placed in an alkali?

blue Signup and view all the answers

If water contains certain salts of calcium, magnesium and other metals that prevent shampoo from lathering, it is classified as:

hard water Signup and view all the answers

What color does blue litmus paper turn when placed in an acid?

red Signup and view all the answers

Which bonds found in the hair can be easily broken by heat or water?

hydrogen bonds Signup and view all the answers

When two hydrogen atoms combine with one oxygen atom, the result is a water molecule, which is

compound Signup and view all the answers

The simplest structure is:

hydrogen Signup and view all the answers

Active ingredients in a rinse, such as benzalkonium chloride, lauryl isoquinolinium bromide and polysorbate leave the hair:

lustrous and manageable Signup and view all the answers

The bonds found within hair that help organize protein chains in order to build hair are called:

side bonds Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following classifications would identify emulsions that are generally used in the cosmetology industry?

Oil-in-water emulsion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics identifies a pH-balanced shampoo?

able to return the hair to 4.5 to 5.5 on the pH scale Signup and view all the answers

Why is chlorine added to the water purification process?

to kill bacteria Signup and view all the answers

A solution that has more positive hydrogen ions than negative hydroxide ions is:

acidic Signup and view all the answers

Hair comprises two solids which are carbon and sulfur and three gases which are hydrogen, nitrogen and:

oxygen Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions is NOT an example of a physical change?

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the side bond that is of the greatest concern to the salon professional?

disulfide bond Signup and view all the answers

All matter that is now living or was alive at one time, with carbon present, falls within the scientific division of:

organic chemistry Signup and view all the answers

Calamine lotion would fall under which cosmetic classification?

suspension Signup and view all the answers

Which conditioner will penetrate into the damaged hair shaft and deposit proteins into the cortex?

body-building conditioner Signup and view all the answers

Water freezing and becoming ice is an example of what type of change?

physical Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements describes how human hair is formed?

linking together of protein groups Signup and view all the answers

What is created when amino acids join together in chains?

proteins Signup and view all the answers

The oil-loving part of a surface active agent is called:

lipophilic Signup and view all the answers

Rinses, which affect mostly the surface of the hair:

can be detrimental if allowed to build up on the hair Signup and view all the answers

Which conditioners have a vegetable oil base, acidic pH recommended for fine or limp hair?

instant Signup and view all the answers

The ability of hair to absorb moisture, liquids or chemicals refers to the hair's:

porosity Signup and view all the answers

The scientific study of matter and the physical and chemical changes of matter is known as:

chemistry Signup and view all the answers

On the pH scale, numbers greater than 7 indicate a(n):

alkaline solution Signup and view all the answers

Atoms that are different form a(n):

compound Signup and view all the answers

Which conditioners contain a vegetable protein and are acidic, which causes the cuticle to close after alkaline chemical services?

normalizing Signup and view all the answers

Distilled water with a pH of 7 is considered:

neutral Signup and view all the answers

Stretching the hair and having it return to its natural shape without breaking is associated with the hair's:

elasticity Signup and view all the answers

The chemical symbol for carbon is:

C Signup and view all the answers

Water molecules have two hydrogen atoms and one:

oxygen atom Signup and view all the answers

In what pH range is skin and hair?

4.5 to 5.5 Signup and view all the answers

Cleaning the hair and scalp and removing all foreign matter without adversely affecting either the scalp or hair is:

shampooing Signup and view all the answers

When a solution can't take or dissolve more of the solute than it already holds at a given temperature it is referred to as being a:

saturated solution Signup and view all the answers

Acids tend to taste:

sour Signup and view all the answers

What does the manufacturer provide that is the best source of specific information about a product?

SDS Signup and view all the answers

Which shampoo contains temporary color molecules that adhere to the outer cuticle of the hair and deposit color?

color shampoo Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Atomic Structure and Properties

Neutrons possess no electrical charge, being neutral particles within an atom's nucleus.
The atomic number signifies the number of protons in an atom, distinguishing one element from another.
A molecule is formed when two or more of the same atoms are chemically bonded together.

Mixtures and Solutions

In instant hot cocoa preparation, the dry cocoa acts as the solute, dissolved in a solvent.
Suspensions are mixtures composed of two or more different molecules that tend to separate when left undisturbed.
Ointments are organic mixtures combined with a medicinal agent.

Elements and Compounds

Oxygen is the most abundant element in the Earth’s crust and the second most prevalent in the atmosphere.
Water is a compound formed when two hydrogen atoms bond with one oxygen atom.

Chemistry in Hair Care

Surfactants facilitate shampoo lathering; a common misconception is that they prevent it.
Conditioning shampoos contain additives to enhance hair's tensile strength and elasticity.
Amines/quats in conditioners help make hair easier to comb and reduce static.

Physical and Chemical Properties

Hair, comprising carbon, sulfur, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen, demonstrates varying physical properties.
A physical change example is water freezing into ice, differentiating from chemical changes like iron rusting.
Acids have a higher concentration of positive hydrogen ions compared to negative hydroxide ions.

pH and Hair Care Products

A pH-balanced shampoo restores hair to a pH of 4.5 to 5.5, optimal for maintaining hair health.
Chlorine is added to purification processes primarily to kill bacteria in water.
Neutral solutions, such as distilled water with a pH of 7, do not alter the pH balance of substances.

Chemical Bonds and Hair Structure

Hydrogen bonds in hair are weak and can be disrupted by heat and water.
Disulfide bonds are crucial in hair structure and of significant concern for salon professionals.
Side bonds organize protein chains essential for hair integrity and appearance.

Conditioners and Treatments

Body-building conditioners penetrate the hair shaft, depositing proteins to repair damaged areas.
Instant conditioners, often with a vegetable oil base, are recommended for fine or limp hair.
Normalizing conditioners contain vegetable proteins and an acidic pH to close the cuticle post-alkaline treatments.

Matter and Solutions

Liquids possess a definite weight and volume but lack a fixed shape.
A saturated solution cannot dissolve additional solute at a given temperature.
Shampooing effectively cleans hair and scalp while preserving their integrity.

Additional Facts

Rinses that accumulate on hair can be detrimental if not properly managed.
The oil-loving part of a surface active agent is referred to as lipophilic, crucial in the formulation of hair care products.
The chemical symbol for carbon is "C," serving as a fundamental element in organic chemistry.

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Description

Test your knowledge of basic chemistry concepts with these flashcards covering neutrons, atomic numbers, solutes, and chemical bonds. Perfect for students reviewing essential definitions and terminology in introductory chemistry.

Chemistry Flashcards 102