Questions and Answers
Neutrons have which type of electrical charge?
none
The atomic number of a particular element indicates:
the number of protons in a single atom
In the process of making a cup of instant hot cocoa, what would the dry cocoa represent?
solute
Two or more of the same atoms joined together by a chemical bond is a(n):
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following elements is most abundant in the earth's crust and the second most abundant element in the earth's atmosphere?
Signup and view all the answers
Mixtures of organic substances and a medicinal agent are:
Signup and view all the answers
What product adheres to the hair shaft, even after ordinary rinsing, leaving hair easier to comb and handle?
Signup and view all the answers
If a product label lists the following ingredients: 'water, cetyl alcohol, tocopherol and panthenol,' which ingredient would be found to have the largest amount?
Signup and view all the answers
An ingredient found in conditioners making hair easier to comb and control static is:
Signup and view all the answers
Matter with definite weight and volume but no definite shape is called:
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements about surfactants is NOT true?
Signup and view all the answers
Shampoo containing additives to improve tensile strength, elasticity and porosity of the hair is:
Signup and view all the answers
Mixtures of two or more kinds of molecules having a tendency to separate when left standing are known as:
Signup and view all the answers
What color does red litmus paper turn when placed in an alkali?
Signup and view all the answers
If water contains certain salts of calcium, magnesium and other metals that prevent shampoo from lathering, it is classified as:
Signup and view all the answers
What color does blue litmus paper turn when placed in an acid?
Signup and view all the answers
Which bonds found in the hair can be easily broken by heat or water?
Signup and view all the answers
When two hydrogen atoms combine with one oxygen atom, the result is a water molecule, which is
Signup and view all the answers
The simplest structure is:
Signup and view all the answers
Active ingredients in a rinse, such as benzalkonium chloride, lauryl isoquinolinium bromide and polysorbate leave the hair:
Signup and view all the answers
The bonds found within hair that help organize protein chains in order to build hair are called:
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following classifications would identify emulsions that are generally used in the cosmetology industry?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following characteristics identifies a pH-balanced shampoo?
Signup and view all the answers
Why is chlorine added to the water purification process?
Signup and view all the answers
A solution that has more positive hydrogen ions than negative hydroxide ions is:
Signup and view all the answers
Hair comprises two solids which are carbon and sulfur and three gases which are hydrogen, nitrogen and:
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following actions is NOT an example of a physical change?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the side bond that is of the greatest concern to the salon professional?
Signup and view all the answers
All matter that is now living or was alive at one time, with carbon present, falls within the scientific division of:
Signup and view all the answers
Calamine lotion would fall under which cosmetic classification?
Signup and view all the answers
Which conditioner will penetrate into the damaged hair shaft and deposit proteins into the cortex?
Signup and view all the answers
Water freezing and becoming ice is an example of what type of change?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements describes how human hair is formed?
Signup and view all the answers
What is created when amino acids join together in chains?
Signup and view all the answers
The oil-loving part of a surface active agent is called:
Signup and view all the answers
Rinses, which affect mostly the surface of the hair:
Signup and view all the answers
Which conditioners have a vegetable oil base, acidic pH recommended for fine or limp hair?
Signup and view all the answers
The ability of hair to absorb moisture, liquids or chemicals refers to the hair's:
Signup and view all the answers
The scientific study of matter and the physical and chemical changes of matter is known as:
Signup and view all the answers
On the pH scale, numbers greater than 7 indicate a(n):
Signup and view all the answers
Atoms that are different form a(n):
Signup and view all the answers
Which conditioners contain a vegetable protein and are acidic, which causes the cuticle to close after alkaline chemical services?
Signup and view all the answers
Distilled water with a pH of 7 is considered:
Signup and view all the answers
Stretching the hair and having it return to its natural shape without breaking is associated with the hair's:
Signup and view all the answers
The chemical symbol for carbon is:
Signup and view all the answers
Water molecules have two hydrogen atoms and one:
Signup and view all the answers
In what pH range is skin and hair?
Signup and view all the answers
Cleaning the hair and scalp and removing all foreign matter without adversely affecting either the scalp or hair is:
Signup and view all the answers
When a solution can't take or dissolve more of the solute than it already holds at a given temperature it is referred to as being a:
Signup and view all the answers
Acids tend to taste:
Signup and view all the answers
What does the manufacturer provide that is the best source of specific information about a product?
Signup and view all the answers
Which shampoo contains temporary color molecules that adhere to the outer cuticle of the hair and deposit color?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Atomic Structure and Properties
- Neutrons possess no electrical charge, being neutral particles within an atom's nucleus.
- The atomic number signifies the number of protons in an atom, distinguishing one element from another.
- A molecule is formed when two or more of the same atoms are chemically bonded together.
Mixtures and Solutions
- In instant hot cocoa preparation, the dry cocoa acts as the solute, dissolved in a solvent.
- Suspensions are mixtures composed of two or more different molecules that tend to separate when left undisturbed.
- Ointments are organic mixtures combined with a medicinal agent.
Elements and Compounds
- Oxygen is the most abundant element in the Earth’s crust and the second most prevalent in the atmosphere.
- Water is a compound formed when two hydrogen atoms bond with one oxygen atom.
Chemistry in Hair Care
- Surfactants facilitate shampoo lathering; a common misconception is that they prevent it.
- Conditioning shampoos contain additives to enhance hair's tensile strength and elasticity.
- Amines/quats in conditioners help make hair easier to comb and reduce static.
Physical and Chemical Properties
- Hair, comprising carbon, sulfur, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen, demonstrates varying physical properties.
- A physical change example is water freezing into ice, differentiating from chemical changes like iron rusting.
- Acids have a higher concentration of positive hydrogen ions compared to negative hydroxide ions.
pH and Hair Care Products
- A pH-balanced shampoo restores hair to a pH of 4.5 to 5.5, optimal for maintaining hair health.
- Chlorine is added to purification processes primarily to kill bacteria in water.
- Neutral solutions, such as distilled water with a pH of 7, do not alter the pH balance of substances.
Chemical Bonds and Hair Structure
- Hydrogen bonds in hair are weak and can be disrupted by heat and water.
- Disulfide bonds are crucial in hair structure and of significant concern for salon professionals.
- Side bonds organize protein chains essential for hair integrity and appearance.
Conditioners and Treatments
- Body-building conditioners penetrate the hair shaft, depositing proteins to repair damaged areas.
- Instant conditioners, often with a vegetable oil base, are recommended for fine or limp hair.
- Normalizing conditioners contain vegetable proteins and an acidic pH to close the cuticle post-alkaline treatments.
Matter and Solutions
- Liquids possess a definite weight and volume but lack a fixed shape.
- A saturated solution cannot dissolve additional solute at a given temperature.
- Shampooing effectively cleans hair and scalp while preserving their integrity.
Additional Facts
- Rinses that accumulate on hair can be detrimental if not properly managed.
- The oil-loving part of a surface active agent is referred to as lipophilic, crucial in the formulation of hair care products.
- The chemical symbol for carbon is "C," serving as a fundamental element in organic chemistry.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge of basic chemistry concepts with these flashcards covering neutrons, atomic numbers, solutes, and chemical bonds. Perfect for students reviewing essential definitions and terminology in introductory chemistry.