Podcast
Questions and Answers
Neutrons have which type of electrical charge?
Neutrons have which type of electrical charge?
none
The atomic number of a particular element indicates:
The atomic number of a particular element indicates:
the number of protons in a single atom
In the process of making a cup of instant hot cocoa, what would the dry cocoa represent?
In the process of making a cup of instant hot cocoa, what would the dry cocoa represent?
solute
Two or more of the same atoms joined together by a chemical bond is a(n):
Two or more of the same atoms joined together by a chemical bond is a(n):
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Which of the following elements is most abundant in the earth's crust and the second most abundant element in the earth's atmosphere?
Which of the following elements is most abundant in the earth's crust and the second most abundant element in the earth's atmosphere?
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Mixtures of organic substances and a medicinal agent are:
Mixtures of organic substances and a medicinal agent are:
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What product adheres to the hair shaft, even after ordinary rinsing, leaving hair easier to comb and handle?
What product adheres to the hair shaft, even after ordinary rinsing, leaving hair easier to comb and handle?
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If a product label lists the following ingredients: 'water, cetyl alcohol, tocopherol and panthenol,' which ingredient would be found to have the largest amount?
If a product label lists the following ingredients: 'water, cetyl alcohol, tocopherol and panthenol,' which ingredient would be found to have the largest amount?
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An ingredient found in conditioners making hair easier to comb and control static is:
An ingredient found in conditioners making hair easier to comb and control static is:
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Matter with definite weight and volume but no definite shape is called:
Matter with definite weight and volume but no definite shape is called:
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Which of the following statements about surfactants is NOT true?
Which of the following statements about surfactants is NOT true?
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Shampoo containing additives to improve tensile strength, elasticity and porosity of the hair is:
Shampoo containing additives to improve tensile strength, elasticity and porosity of the hair is:
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Mixtures of two or more kinds of molecules having a tendency to separate when left standing are known as:
Mixtures of two or more kinds of molecules having a tendency to separate when left standing are known as:
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What color does red litmus paper turn when placed in an alkali?
What color does red litmus paper turn when placed in an alkali?
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If water contains certain salts of calcium, magnesium and other metals that prevent shampoo from lathering, it is classified as:
If water contains certain salts of calcium, magnesium and other metals that prevent shampoo from lathering, it is classified as:
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What color does blue litmus paper turn when placed in an acid?
What color does blue litmus paper turn when placed in an acid?
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Which bonds found in the hair can be easily broken by heat or water?
Which bonds found in the hair can be easily broken by heat or water?
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When two hydrogen atoms combine with one oxygen atom, the result is a water molecule, which is
When two hydrogen atoms combine with one oxygen atom, the result is a water molecule, which is
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The simplest structure is:
The simplest structure is:
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Active ingredients in a rinse, such as benzalkonium chloride, lauryl isoquinolinium bromide and polysorbate leave the hair:
Active ingredients in a rinse, such as benzalkonium chloride, lauryl isoquinolinium bromide and polysorbate leave the hair:
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The bonds found within hair that help organize protein chains in order to build hair are called:
The bonds found within hair that help organize protein chains in order to build hair are called:
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Which of the following classifications would identify emulsions that are generally used in the cosmetology industry?
Which of the following classifications would identify emulsions that are generally used in the cosmetology industry?
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Which of the following characteristics identifies a pH-balanced shampoo?
Which of the following characteristics identifies a pH-balanced shampoo?
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Why is chlorine added to the water purification process?
Why is chlorine added to the water purification process?
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A solution that has more positive hydrogen ions than negative hydroxide ions is:
A solution that has more positive hydrogen ions than negative hydroxide ions is:
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Hair comprises two solids which are carbon and sulfur and three gases which are hydrogen, nitrogen and:
Hair comprises two solids which are carbon and sulfur and three gases which are hydrogen, nitrogen and:
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Which of the following actions is NOT an example of a physical change?
Which of the following actions is NOT an example of a physical change?
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What is the side bond that is of the greatest concern to the salon professional?
What is the side bond that is of the greatest concern to the salon professional?
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All matter that is now living or was alive at one time, with carbon present, falls within the scientific division of:
All matter that is now living or was alive at one time, with carbon present, falls within the scientific division of:
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Calamine lotion would fall under which cosmetic classification?
Calamine lotion would fall under which cosmetic classification?
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Which conditioner will penetrate into the damaged hair shaft and deposit proteins into the cortex?
Which conditioner will penetrate into the damaged hair shaft and deposit proteins into the cortex?
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Water freezing and becoming ice is an example of what type of change?
Water freezing and becoming ice is an example of what type of change?
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Which of the following statements describes how human hair is formed?
Which of the following statements describes how human hair is formed?
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What is created when amino acids join together in chains?
What is created when amino acids join together in chains?
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The oil-loving part of a surface active agent is called:
The oil-loving part of a surface active agent is called:
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Rinses, which affect mostly the surface of the hair:
Rinses, which affect mostly the surface of the hair:
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Which conditioners have a vegetable oil base, acidic pH recommended for fine or limp hair?
Which conditioners have a vegetable oil base, acidic pH recommended for fine or limp hair?
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The ability of hair to absorb moisture, liquids or chemicals refers to the hair's:
The ability of hair to absorb moisture, liquids or chemicals refers to the hair's:
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The scientific study of matter and the physical and chemical changes of matter is known as:
The scientific study of matter and the physical and chemical changes of matter is known as:
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On the pH scale, numbers greater than 7 indicate a(n):
On the pH scale, numbers greater than 7 indicate a(n):
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Atoms that are different form a(n):
Atoms that are different form a(n):
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Which conditioners contain a vegetable protein and are acidic, which causes the cuticle to close after alkaline chemical services?
Which conditioners contain a vegetable protein and are acidic, which causes the cuticle to close after alkaline chemical services?
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Distilled water with a pH of 7 is considered:
Distilled water with a pH of 7 is considered:
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Stretching the hair and having it return to its natural shape without breaking is associated with the hair's:
Stretching the hair and having it return to its natural shape without breaking is associated with the hair's:
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The chemical symbol for carbon is:
The chemical symbol for carbon is:
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Water molecules have two hydrogen atoms and one:
Water molecules have two hydrogen atoms and one:
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In what pH range is skin and hair?
In what pH range is skin and hair?
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Cleaning the hair and scalp and removing all foreign matter without adversely affecting either the scalp or hair is:
Cleaning the hair and scalp and removing all foreign matter without adversely affecting either the scalp or hair is:
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When a solution can't take or dissolve more of the solute than it already holds at a given temperature it is referred to as being a:
When a solution can't take or dissolve more of the solute than it already holds at a given temperature it is referred to as being a:
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Acids tend to taste:
Acids tend to taste:
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What does the manufacturer provide that is the best source of specific information about a product?
What does the manufacturer provide that is the best source of specific information about a product?
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Which shampoo contains temporary color molecules that adhere to the outer cuticle of the hair and deposit color?
Which shampoo contains temporary color molecules that adhere to the outer cuticle of the hair and deposit color?
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Study Notes
Atomic Structure and Properties
- Neutrons possess no electrical charge, being neutral particles within an atom's nucleus.
- The atomic number signifies the number of protons in an atom, distinguishing one element from another.
- A molecule is formed when two or more of the same atoms are chemically bonded together.
Mixtures and Solutions
- In instant hot cocoa preparation, the dry cocoa acts as the solute, dissolved in a solvent.
- Suspensions are mixtures composed of two or more different molecules that tend to separate when left undisturbed.
- Ointments are organic mixtures combined with a medicinal agent.
Elements and Compounds
- Oxygen is the most abundant element in the Earth’s crust and the second most prevalent in the atmosphere.
- Water is a compound formed when two hydrogen atoms bond with one oxygen atom.
Chemistry in Hair Care
- Surfactants facilitate shampoo lathering; a common misconception is that they prevent it.
- Conditioning shampoos contain additives to enhance hair's tensile strength and elasticity.
- Amines/quats in conditioners help make hair easier to comb and reduce static.
Physical and Chemical Properties
- Hair, comprising carbon, sulfur, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen, demonstrates varying physical properties.
- A physical change example is water freezing into ice, differentiating from chemical changes like iron rusting.
- Acids have a higher concentration of positive hydrogen ions compared to negative hydroxide ions.
pH and Hair Care Products
- A pH-balanced shampoo restores hair to a pH of 4.5 to 5.5, optimal for maintaining hair health.
- Chlorine is added to purification processes primarily to kill bacteria in water.
- Neutral solutions, such as distilled water with a pH of 7, do not alter the pH balance of substances.
Chemical Bonds and Hair Structure
- Hydrogen bonds in hair are weak and can be disrupted by heat and water.
- Disulfide bonds are crucial in hair structure and of significant concern for salon professionals.
- Side bonds organize protein chains essential for hair integrity and appearance.
Conditioners and Treatments
- Body-building conditioners penetrate the hair shaft, depositing proteins to repair damaged areas.
- Instant conditioners, often with a vegetable oil base, are recommended for fine or limp hair.
- Normalizing conditioners contain vegetable proteins and an acidic pH to close the cuticle post-alkaline treatments.
Matter and Solutions
- Liquids possess a definite weight and volume but lack a fixed shape.
- A saturated solution cannot dissolve additional solute at a given temperature.
- Shampooing effectively cleans hair and scalp while preserving their integrity.
Additional Facts
- Rinses that accumulate on hair can be detrimental if not properly managed.
- The oil-loving part of a surface active agent is referred to as lipophilic, crucial in the formulation of hair care products.
- The chemical symbol for carbon is "C," serving as a fundamental element in organic chemistry.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge of basic chemistry concepts with these flashcards covering neutrons, atomic numbers, solutes, and chemical bonds. Perfect for students reviewing essential definitions and terminology in introductory chemistry.
