Chemistry Exam - December 16, 2024

The study of matter, its composition, structure, properties, and transformations, including energy changes involved.

A branch of chemistry that focuses on the study of chemicals containing carbon.

A branch of chemistry that focuses on the study of chemicals that do not contain carbon.

A branch of chemistry that studies the relationship between matter and energy.

The area of chemistry focused on determining the composition of matter.

A branch of chemistry that investigates the chemical processes happening within living organisms.

The area of chemistry that uses mathematical models and computer simulations to study chemical behavior.

Anything that has mass and takes up space.

The smallest unit of an element that still retains the chemical properties of that element.

A substance that has a fixed composition and cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means.

A substance that is formed when two or more elements chemically combine in a fixed ratio.

A mixture that has a uniform composition throughout.

A mixture that does not have a uniform composition throughout.

A property of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance.

A change in which the identity of the substance remains the same.

A change in which the identity of a substance is changed.

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. It also represents the number of electrons surrounding the nucleus.

The combined number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. It's also known as the atomic weight.

Elements with shiny, solid, malleable, ductile properties and are good conductors of heat and electricity. They are often found on the left side of the periodic table, excluding hydrogen.

Elements that lack the typical properties of metals, such as shininess, malleability, and ductility. They are poor conductors of heat and electricity.

Elements that possess both metallic and non-metallic properties. They are semiconductors, which means they conduct electricity under certain conditions.

A way of writing very small or very large numbers in a compact and convenient form.

Describing an observation using numerical terms, quantities, and measurements. It involves using numbers to represent the size, weight, length, etc.

Describing an observation based on properties that can be observed but not measured numerically. It uses descriptive words like color, shape, texture, etc.

Digits that are essential in representing the magnitude of a number. Zeroes that are not placeholders are always significant.

Zeros before a non-zero digit in a number are not considered significant. They only indicate the decimal place.

Zeroes between non-zero digits in a number are always significant. They contribute to the magnitude of the number.

Zeros at the end of a number after the decimal point are significant because they add precision.

Zeros at the end of a number without a decimal point are not significant. They only act as placeholders.

A measure of how close a measurement is to the true value.

A measure of how close repeated measurements are to each other.

A measure of the amount of mass of a substance or object per unit volume. It's calculated by dividing mass by volume.

The smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element.

The central core of an atom, containing protons and neutrons.

Subatomic particles with a positive charge located in the nucleus.

Subatomic particles with a negative charge, orbiting around the nucleus.

Subatomic particles with no charge, located in the nucleus.

The SI unit for the amount of substance, representing a specific number of particles (6.02 x 10^23).

The mass of one mole of a pure substance, measured in grams per mole (g/mol).

The arrangement of electrons in an atom, describing how they are distributed in energy levels and orbitals.

Electrons fill orbitals individually before pairing up. This minimizes repulsion between negatively charged electrons.

Electrons occupy the lowest energy orbitals available first, building up the electronic configuration of an atom.

Each orbital can hold a maximum of two electrons, and those electrons must have opposite spins.

A model of the atom where electrons orbit the nucleus in specific energy levels.

The average distance of an electron from the nucleus. Its value increases with increasing energy level.

Determines the shape of an electron's orbital (s, p, d, f).

Determines the orientation of an orbital in 3D space. It's like a compass.

Describes the spin of an electron. It can be either +1/2 (spin up) or -1/2 (spin down).