Questions and Answers
Draw: 5-ethyl-2,2-dimethyloctane.
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Which substance is predicted to be more soluble in water: A = NH3 or B = CH3CH2CH3?
Determine the amount of heat energy (in kJ) needed to warm a 51.4-g sample of ethanol from -150.°C to 55°C.
27.5
Draw the C6H14 isomer with the highest boiling point.
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Determine the molality of a 1.87 M aqueous solution of HNO3.
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Determine the mass (in grams) of CO2 that will dissolve in 5.50 L of water that is in contact with a gas mixture, where the partial pressure of CO2 is 0.235 atm.
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Study Notes
Heating Curve of Sucrose
- Sucrose has a molar mass of 342.30 g/mol, with specific heat capacities of 430 J/mol·K for the solid phase.
- Melting point is 462 K, and boiling point is 1290 K.
- Portion A indicates heating of solid sucrose with an increase in potential energy.
- Portion B shows the phase transition from solid to liquid, reflecting an increase in kinetic energy.
- Portion C represents the kinetic energy increase in the gas phase of sucrose.
Functional Groups in Aspirin
- Aspirin contains a carboxylic acid and an ester functional group.
- No presence of alcohol, amine, aldehyde, or amide functional groups in aspirin.
Ion Heat of Hydration
- Calcium ion (Ca2+) has the largest (most negative) heat of hydration, indicating a strong interaction with water.
Enthalpy Diagram for Ionic Compound
- Arrow B on the diagram represents exothermic enthalpy of mixing.
- Arrow C illustrates heat of solution, which is also exothermic.
- The ionic compound will dissolve regardless of small entropy changes, and dissolving occurs if the entropy change surpasses enthalpy costs.
Phase Diagram Insights
- Area A represents the solid phase of the substance.
- Decreasing pressure from 10 to 0 atm at -60°C leads to sublimation.
- The critical point is at 31°C, indicating a unique state for the substance.
- At 1 atm, no temperature allows for a liquid phase of the substance.
Solubility Predictions
- Ammonia (NH3) is more soluble in water compared to propane (CH3CH2CH3).
- Bromine (Br2) is predicted to be more soluble in hexane (C6H14) than dichloromethane (CH2Cl2).
Heat Energy Calculation for Ethanol
- Calculating the heat energy to raise a 51.4 g sample of ethanol from -150°C to 55°C results in an energy need of 27.5 kJ.
Saturated Solutions Insights
- In a saturated solution of nitrogen (N2), decreasing temperature increases its concentration.
- For magnesium iodide (MgI2), a decrease in pressure does not change its concentration.
C6H14 Isomer with Highest Boiling Point
- The isomer of hexane (C6H14) with the highest boiling point is characterized by its branched structure.
Calculating Molality of HNO3 Solution
- The molality of a 1.87 M HNO3 aqueous solution is determined to be 1.52.
CO2 Solubility in Water and Henry's Law
- Using Henry's law, it’s calculated that 1.88 g of CO2 will dissolve in 5.50 L of water at a partial pressure of 0.235 atm.
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Test your knowledge on the heating curve of sucrose with this set of flashcards. Analyze statements about phase changes, melting, and boiling points. Perfect for chemistry students preparing for their exams!
