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Questions and Answers
Which statement about covalent molecules is true?
Which statement about covalent molecules is true?
- Covalent molecules are held together by strong ionic bonds.
- Covalent molecules have high density due to numerous molecules per unit volume.
- Covalent molecules are poor conductors of electricity. (correct)
- Covalent molecules have high boiling and melting points.
What contributes to the low boiling and melting points of covalent molecules?
What contributes to the low boiling and melting points of covalent molecules?
- Lack of intermolecular spaces
- High density of molecules per unit volume
- Strong ionic bonds between molecules
- Weak van der Waals forces between molecules (correct)
What determines the state of covalent molecules?
What determines the state of covalent molecules?
- Presence of ionic bonds
- Density of the molecules
- Size of the molecules
- Level of energy bond (correct)
Why do covalent molecules easily dissolve in organic solvents?
Why do covalent molecules easily dissolve in organic solvents?
Which pair of elements exhibit similar properties such as covalent character, similar atomic radii, and being harder and lighter than other elements in their groups?
Which pair of elements exhibit similar properties such as covalent character, similar atomic radii, and being harder and lighter than other elements in their groups?
Which pair of elements are metals, have amphoteric oxides and hydroxides, tend to form covalent bonds, and have compounds with a low melting point?
Which pair of elements are metals, have amphoteric oxides and hydroxides, tend to form covalent bonds, and have compounds with a low melting point?
Which pair of elements are nonmetals, semiconductors, form covalent compounds, and exhibit allotropy?
Which pair of elements are nonmetals, semiconductors, form covalent compounds, and exhibit allotropy?
Which pair of elements have acidic oxides, high melting points, and high boiling points?
Which pair of elements have acidic oxides, high melting points, and high boiling points?
Which trend is true regarding metallic character on the periodic table?
Which trend is true regarding metallic character on the periodic table?
What is the general trend for boiling point on the periodic table?
What is the general trend for boiling point on the periodic table?
What is the reason for the existence of diagonal pairs of elements after boron and silicon showing similarities?
What is the reason for the existence of diagonal pairs of elements after boron and silicon showing similarities?
Where are the main group elements located in the periodic table?
Where are the main group elements located in the periodic table?
Which of the following groups of elements consistently form ions with predictable charges?
Which of the following groups of elements consistently form ions with predictable charges?
Which group of elements share qualities of both metals and non-metals?
Which group of elements share qualities of both metals and non-metals?
Which group of elements are often gases or brittle solids with low melting points?
Which group of elements are often gases or brittle solids with low melting points?
Which group of elements have unique properties such as paramagnetism due to their location in the d-block?
Which group of elements have unique properties such as paramagnetism due to their location in the d-block?
What is the outermost shell of an atom called, and what type of electrons does it contain?
What is the outermost shell of an atom called, and what type of electrons does it contain?
How do noble gases achieve stability?
How do noble gases achieve stability?
What is the main characteristic of covalent bonds?
What is the main characteristic of covalent bonds?
What is the role of the type of covalent bond in influencing the properties of the resulting molecule?
What is the role of the type of covalent bond in influencing the properties of the resulting molecule?
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Study Notes
Covalent Bonds in Chemistry
- Main group elements on the far-right side of the periodic table are non-metallic, brittle solids and gases, with low melting points and poor conductivity.
- An atom consists of electrons, neutrons, and protons, and is the basic building block of elements in chemistry.
- Elements are substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances through chemical reactions and can be metals, non-metals, or metalloids.
- Atoms have a nucleus containing neutrons and protons, with electrons revolving around it in energy levels or shells.
- The outermost shell of an atom is called the valence shell and the electrons in it are valence electrons.
- Noble gases have full outer energy levels and do not form chemical bonds, while other elements achieve stability through sharing, gaining, or losing electrons.
- Covalent bonds are formed through the sharing of electrons between non-metals and metalloids, creating molecular compounds.
- Atoms share electrons in covalent bonds to achieve stability and fulfill the octet rule, making the compounds more stable.
- Covalent bonds are generally strong and are formed when two non-metal or metalloid atoms share electrons, with the shared electrons attracted to the nuclei of each atom.
- Types of covalent bonds include single, double, triple, pure, polar, and non-polar covalent bonds, with varying electron sharing patterns.
- Covalent molecules examples include oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, hydrogen chloride, chlorine, water, and methane, each exhibiting different types of covalent bonds.
- Covalent bond molecules have unique properties, and the type of covalent bond influences the properties of the resulting molecule.
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