Molecules and compounds

• The nucleus of an atom typically contains protons and neutrons.
• A covalent bond forms when two atoms share electrons.
• Hydrogen bonds are weak and are not strong enough to hold atoms together to form molecules.
• Hydrogen bonds are strong enough to form bridges between molecules
• Oils separate from vinegar because oils are hydrophobic, lipids, and non-polar.
• Small insects can walk on water due to the cohesion of water molecules caused by hydrogen bonding.
• In the equation 2 H2 + O2 → 2H2O, H2 molecules are reactants, and H2O molecules are products.
• Organic compounds always contain carbon.
• An amino acid molecule is made up of H, N, C, and O
• Cells create macromolecules from 40-50 monomers and some other ingredients with dehydration reactions
• In dehydration one monomer loses a hydrogen atom, the other loses a hydroxyl (-OH) group.
• H2O is formed as monomers join and covalent bonds are formed as the monomers are joined.
• All of the choices are ultimately correct with dehydration reactions of cells
• The results of a dehydration reaction can be reversed by hydrolysis.
• The idea that all living things are composed of cells and that all cells come from other cells is the Cell Theory.
• Bacterial and prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus.
• Organisms of the plant kingdom have cells containing plastids and cells walls.
• Some plant kingdom cells contain chloroplasts and are unicellular.
• Lysosomes digest worn-out or damaged organelles, recycle materials, and destroy harmful bacteria engulfed by white blood cells.
• Lysosomes fuse with food vacuoles to expose nutrients to lysosomal enzymes
• Polypeptide synthesis is the role of the ribosome
• Protein packaging and shipping is the role of the Golgi Apparatus.
• Microfilaments are important components of the cytoskeleton
• The Fluid Mosaic Model of cellular membranes refers to individual proteins and phospholipids that can drift in a phospholipid bilayer
• The Fluid Mosaic Model is also a membrane mosaic of molecules and function
• Osmosis involves the net flow of water across a differentially permeable membrane from low to high water concentration.
• Active Transport requires the expenditure of ATP.
• If you rest in a bathtub of pure water your skin is expected to Gain cellular water content through osmosis.
• Plasma membranes are selectively permeable, allowing some substances to enter/leave a cell more easily than others.
• Phospholipids are characterized by polar phosphate-containing headgroups and non-polar fatty-acid tails.
• Nucleic acids like DNA or RNA are not typically embedded between neighboring phospholipids of cellular membranes.
• Most of a cell's enzymes are proteins.
• The excess water absorbed by a cactus is stored in a vacuole.
• Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction when an enzyme catalyzes it.
• Enzymes emerge unchanged from the reactions they catalyze
• If a child is admitted to the hospital with a fever of 107°F Doctors treat with an ice bath because high a body temperature may compromise the 3D structure of enzymes.
• Temperature, pH, competitive regulators and noncompetitive regulators all affect the speed with which an enzyme is catalyzed
• Mitochondria is the plural form, mitochondrion is singular
• ATP is the energy “currency” of a cell, and it's also known as Adenosine Tri-Phosphate
• The simplest interpretation on the right side of an enzyme curve is that temperatures were too high, causing enzyme denaturing and thus a decrease in activity.
• Carbon is the element to the right, and the 6 represents the number of protons in its atomic nucleus
• 12.011 from the periodic table is the atomic mass
• The number below an element on the periodic table is not exactly a rounded whole number because of the existence of carbon isotopes
• The diagram attempts to show the theoretical basis for how covalent bonds from
• A cell put under hypotonic solution should experience a net gain of water from the surrounding solution.
• A cell containing all structures that could be easily seen with the light microscope in a cell lab is more accurately a plant cell.
• In the Cell Diagram #40, structure I provides support to the cell and would prevent it from lysing in hypotonic solutions.
• In the Cell Diagram #40, structure IV is an organelle pointed to that would store excess water, and waste products or chemical defenses for the cell.

Learn about molecules and compounds. This covers atomic structures, covalent and hydrogen bonds, and hydrophobic substances like oil. Also learn about organic compounds, monomers and dehydration.