Chemistry: Elements and Compounds
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following substances can be broken down into the elements mercury and oxygen by heat?

  • Sucrose
  • Gold
  • Iron
  • Mercury(II) oxide (correct)

What process is responsible for creating the characteristic sweet and nutty flavor in caramel apples?

  • Fermentation
  • Oxidation
  • Caramelization (correct)
  • Evaporation

Which compound is used in photographic films and photochromic eyeglasses due to its property of breaking down into silver and chlorine under light exposure?

  • Sulfur
  • Oxygen
  • Iron
  • Silver(I) chloride (correct)

What type of mixture is Italian dressing?

<p>Heterogeneous mixture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element combines with hydrogen in a compound to form white crystalline sugar (sucrose)?

<p>Carbon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a sports drink at a molecular level that makes it a homogeneous mixture?

<p>Uniform composition of components (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the earth's crust and atmosphere is made up of the eleven most common elements?

<p>~90% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes each compound from all other compounds?

<p>Specific composition and properties (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an accurate definition of matter?

<p>Anything that has mass and occupies space (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a balloon when filled with gas, according to the text?

<p>It inflates (increases its volume) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the volume of liquid and solid samples?

<p>Their volumes are very nearly independent of pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of a solid state of matter?

<p>It is rigid and possesses a definite shape (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing factor between gases and plasmas?

<p>Plasmas contain appreciable numbers of electrically charged particles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In zero gravity, how do liquids behave according to the text?

<p>They assume a spherical shape (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is a plasma naturally found, according to the text?

<p>In the interiors of stars (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes plasma from gases?

<p>Gases have no charged particles whereas plasmas do (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe matter that appears to have properties of solids, liquids, and/or gases at the same time?

<p>Mixture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What law summarizes that matter quantity remains constant during chemical changes or changes among solid, liquid, or gaseous states?

<p>Law of Conservation of Matter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does an astronaut's weight on the moon compare to their weight on Earth?

<p>It decreases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category does sucrose (table sugar) belong to based on its constant composition and properties?

<p>Pure substance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which process do brewing beer and operating batteries provide examples of the conservation of matter?

<p>Chemical reactions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it challenging to provide evidence for the conservation of matter during digestion and assimilation of food?

<p>'Waste' matter is not accounted for in measurements (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Hybrid matter' or 'in-between states' can be observed in some samples when:

<p>The sample is composed of many small pieces (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of an atom?

<p>The smallest particle of an element that cannot be divided further (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with the first suggestion that matter is composed of atoms?

<p>Leucippus and Democritus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the diameter of a single carbon atom?

<p>$0.000000015$ cm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mass of a billion lead atoms?

<p>$3 \times 10^{-13}$ grams (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do elements like helium, neon, and argon consist of?

<p>Individual atoms that move freely (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are molecules composed of?

<p>Two or more atoms joined by chemical bonds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who supported the hypothesis that matter is composed of atoms with quantitative measurements?

<p>John Dalton (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would happen if a minimally sized piece of gold (an atom) were divided further according to the text?

<p>It would no longer be gold (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of a water molecule?

<p>2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the decomposition of water, how many hydrogen molecules are produced from two water molecules?

<p>4 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element is required for combustion of a fuel?

<p>Oxygen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential advantage of fuel-cell vehicles (FCV) over vehicles with internal combustion engines?

<p>Higher efficiency (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary components used to produce the case/body/frame of a cell phone?

<p>Polycarbonate thermoplastics and light structural metals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What materials are commonly used in the circuit board of a cell phone?

<p>Copper, tin, silver, and gold (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of glass is the display screen of a cell phone typically made from?

<p>Silica glass (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of coating the display screen with a conductive material?

<p>To make it conductive (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If water molecules inside an enlarged ordinary glass of water were the size of golf balls, what would be the size of glucose molecules?

<p>The size of baseballs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen atoms in water molecules?

<p>2:1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gases are produced by the breakdown of water through rearranging its atoms?

<p>Hydrogen and Carbon dioxide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What property distinguishes oxygen from hydrogen in terms of flammability?

<p>Both oxygen and hydrogen are flammable. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What element is required for the combustion of a fuel?

<p>Oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What materials are predominantly used in the case/body/frame of a cell phone?

<p>Polymers primarily composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element plays a crucial role in the battery of a cell phone?

<p>Lithium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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