Chemistry: Electron Arrangement in Water Molecules
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Questions and Answers

What is the arrangement of electrons around the oxygen atom in a water molecule?

  • Trigonal planar
  • Tetrahedral (correct)
  • Octahedral
  • Linear

    • What is the result of the electronegativity difference between oxygen and hydrogen in the O-H bond?

  • The bond is metallic
  • The bond is nonpolar
  • The bond is ionic
  • The bond is polar (correct)

    • What is the role of each water molecule in a sample of water?

  • Hydrogen bond acceptor only
  • Hydrogen bond donor only
  • Neither a hydrogen bond donor nor acceptor
  • Simultaneously a hydrogen bond donor and acceptor (correct)

    • What is the approximate bond angle between the atoms of a single water molecule?

    <p>105o</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the additive effect of hydrogen bonds in water?

    <p>Water has a well-ordered structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for water's unusual properties, such as its high boiling point and high heat of vaporization?

    <p>Its ability to form hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of water that allows it to dissolve a wide variety of ions and molecules?

    <p>Its ability to form hydrogen bonds and its dipolar character</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the rigid tetrahedral molecular lattice of ice?

    <p>Liquid water is denser than its solid form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe substances that can readily dissolve in water due to their ability to form hydrogen bonds with water?

    <p>Hydrophilic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of water that makes it an excellent medium for the processes of life?

    <p>Its ability to form hydrogen bonds and its dipolar character</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Electron Arrangement of Water Molecule

    • The oxygen atom in a water molecule has six outer electrons, with two involved in covalent bonds to the hydrogens and four existing in nonbonded pairs (lone pairs).
    • The lone pairs are excellent hydrogen bond acceptors, and the half-filled orbitals participate in the formation of a sigma bond between oxygen and hydrogen atoms.
    • The electron arrangement around oxygen assumes a tetrahedral geometry.

    Polarity of O-H Bonds

    • The electronegativity difference between oxygen and hydrogen results in unequal sharing of electrons, making hydrogen partially positive and oxygen partially negative.
    • The O-H bonds are polar, making the OH groups in water strong hydrogen bond donors and acceptors.

    Hydrogen Bonding in Water

    • Each water molecule can form hydrogen bonds with four other water molecules due to the bond angles.
    • The additive effect of hydrogen bonds results in water having a well-ordered structure, explaining its internal cohesion and unusual properties.

    Unusual Properties of Water

    • Water has a high boiling point, high heat of vaporization, high viscosity, high surface tension, and high dielectric constant compared to other compounds of similar molecular weight.
    • These properties are due to the extensive hydrogen-bonded network of water.

    Properties of Water

    • Water has a high boiling point for its molecular weight (18) compared to other molecules.
    • Water's unusual properties include its high heat of vaporization, high viscosity, high surface tension, and high dielectric constant.

    Structure of Ice

    • When water molecules freeze, the hydrogen bonding becomes regular and clearly defined, creating a rigid tetrahedral molecular lattice in which each molecule is hydrogen-bonded to four others.
    • The open structure of the ice lattice accounts for water's unusual property of being less dense as a solid than as a liquid.

    Biological Importance of Water

    • Water serves as the universal intracellular and extracellular medium due to its remarkable solvent ability.
    • The ability arises from water's tendency to form hydrogen bonds and its dipolar character.
    • Hydrophilic substances, which can take advantage of water's properties, can readily dissolve in water.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the electron arrangement of a single water molecule, including covalent bonds, lone pairs, and sigma bonds.

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