Chemistry d & f Block Elements
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Questions and Answers

What is a primary use of compounds of d-block elements in industry?

  • Natural gas extraction
  • Construction materials
  • Production of aluminum
  • Production of iron and steels (correct)

    • Non-typical transition elements include Zinc, Cadmium, and Mercury.

    True (A)

    Name one compound of Manganese that is used in dry battery cells.

    MnO2

    The typical electronic configuration of d-block transition elements is (n – 1)d_____ns_____

    <p>1–10, 1–2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following d-block compounds with their uses:

    <p>TiO = Pigment industry KMnO4 = Organic compound synthesis K2Cr2O7 = Oxidizing agent in chemical reactions AgBr = Photographic industry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common oxidation state seen in lanthanoids?

    <p>+3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The electronic configuration of actinoids can include 5f, 6d, and 7s orbitals.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes alloy formation among metals?

    <p>Similar atomic sizes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ionic sizes of lanthanoids exhibit a gradual _____ along the series.

    <p>decrease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following elements with their properties:

    <p>Lanthanoids = Usually +3 oxidation state Actinoids = Can show oxidation states up to +7 Plutonium = Actinoid element Neodymium = Lanthanoid element</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about E° for Mn, Ni, and Zn is correct?

    <p>They are more negative than expected. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The E°M2+/M value for elements becomes less negative down a group.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the oxidation state represented by Fe in the given content?

    <p>2+ and 3+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the trends, E° for Mn, Ni, and Zn are more __________ than expected.

    <p>negative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following oxidation states of Fe with their corresponding behavior:

    <p>Fe 2+ = Lower oxidation state, tends to lose electrons. Fe 3+ = Higher oxidation state, more stable in complex compounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the notation µ = n(n + 2) BM represent?

    <p>Magnetic moment calculation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    D - d transitions in transition metals result in the formation of colored ions.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color is the solution formed when H2 is present?

    <p>Orange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    MnO4 forms a colored ion due to _______ transitions.

    <p>d - d</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of compounds do transition metals form?

    <p>Complex compounds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the colored ions to their respective colors:

    <p>MnO4– = Purple MnO2 = Brown H2 = Orange OH = Yellow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of compounds are characterized as non-stoichiometric and are neither ionic nor covalent?

    <p>Interstitial compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Complex compounds contain only neutral ions.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following ions is considered a strong reducing agent?

    <p>Ti2+ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cr2O7 is considered a weak oxidizing agent.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the property exhibited by a substance that is neither attracted nor repelled by a magnetic field.

    <p>Diamagnetism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ion responsible for strong oxidizing behavior in acidic conditions is __________.

    <p>MnO4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color is associated with Cr ion in its reduced states?

    <p>Green (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following ions with their observed color:

    <p>Cr3+ = Green MnO4- = Purple Ti2+ = Colorless Fe2+ = Pale green</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Paramagnetism occurs in substances with unpaired electrons.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the charge of the chromate ion?

    <p>2-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ ion can reduce species such as permanganate in acidic conditions.

    <p>Cr2+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following ions is a strong oxidizing agent?

    <p>MnO4- (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is formed during the reaction: 2MnO2 + 4KOH + O2?

    <p>KMnO4 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cr2O72- is a strong oxidizing agent.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the electron configuration for Mn in its +2 oxidation state?

    <p>[Ar] 3d5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The catalyst used in the Haber process is ____.

    <p>Fe2O3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element has the smallest atomic radius in the 3d series?

    <p>Ni (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The oxidation state of chromium in Na2Cr2O7 is +6.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of V2O5 in the contact process?

    <p>Catalyst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The oxidation reaction of MnO4− is represented by: MnO4− + 8H+ + 5e– → ___ + 4H2O.

    <p>Mn2+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following elements with their corresponding property:

    <p>Mn = Strong oxidizing agent Cr = Paramagnetic Fe = Catalyst in Haber process V = Catalyst in Contact process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements is least likely to act as a strong oxidizing agent?

    <p>Co (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dichromate ions appear orange in color.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the highest oxidation state exhibited by manganese?

    <p>+7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Zn is more electropositive than ____ according to the 3d series.

    <p>Cu</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following reactions does not involve manganese?

    <p>Formation of Na2Cr2O7 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ionization enthalpy decreases from left to right in the 3d series.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    d & f Block Elements

    • d-Block Elements (Transition Metals): Group 3-12, (n-1)d1-10ns1-2 electron configuration.
    • Exceptions: Cr (4s13d5), Cu (4s13d10), Pd (5s04d10)
    • Physical Properties: High melting and boiling points, high enthalpies of atomization, variable oxidation states.
    • Melting points: Generally higher than s-block metals; Zn > Cd > Hg; Cu > Ag ≥ Au.
    • Atomic Radius: Generally increase down a group, but decrease across a period.
    • Density: Increases across a period and down a group; Ni has smallest radius.
    • Ionization Enthalpy: Generally increases from left to right across a period.
    • Oxidation States: Variable, increasing down a group.
    • Chemical Reactivity: Variable; some are strong reducing agents.
    • Magnetic Properties: Diamagnetic or paramagnetic; magnetic moments calculated using μ = n(n+2) BM.
    • Colored Ions: Formation of colored ions due to d-d transitions.
    • Alloy Formation: Similar atomic sizes lead to alloy formation.
    • Interstitial Compounds: Formation of non-stoichiometric compounds.

    Lanthanoids

    • Electronic Configuration: 4f1-14 5d0-1 6s2 (Gd: 4f7 5d1 6s2)
    • Atomic and Ionic Sizes: Decreases from La to Lu (Eu largest).
    • Oxidation States: Most common +3, some exhibit +2 and +4.
    • General Characteristics: Silvery white, soft metals, and tarnish rapidly in air.
    • Hardness: Increases with increasing atomic number.
    • Metallic Structure: Conducting heat and electricity.
    • Density: Variable densities.
    • Trivalent Ions: Colored trivalent ions.
    • Ionization Enthalpies: Low third ionization enthalpies, good reducing agents.
    • Uses: Misch metal (95% Ln, 5% Fe, etc.) in alloys.

    Uses of d-Block Elements

    • Steel Production: Iron and steels.
    • Pigments: TiO2
    • Batteries: MnO2 in dry batteries.
    • Catalysts: In various industrial processes.
    • Organic Compound Synthesis: Nickel complexes in polymerization.
    • Photography: AgBr in photography.

    Catalysts

    • Contact Process: V2O5
    • Haber Process: Fe2O3 + Al2O3 + K2O
    • Decomposition of KCLO3: MnO2
    • Ostwald Process: Pt/Rh
    • Zeigler-Natta Catalyst: TiCl4 + (C2H5)3Al
    • Hydrogenation of Alkenes: Ni/Pd,
    • Wilkinson's Catalyst: RhCl(PPh3)3

    Compounds of d-block Elements

    • Potassium Dichromate (K2Cr2O7): Strong oxidising agent, used in various reactions.
    • Potassium Permanganate (KMnO4): Intense colour, paramagnetism, strong oxidizing agent, used in redox reactions.

    Actinoids

    • Electronic Configuration: [Rn]5f1-14 6d0-1 7s2
    • Ionic Sizes: Gradual decrease along the series.
    • Oxidation States: Most common is +3, and also exhibit +4, +5, +6, and +7.
    • General Characteristics: Highly reactive metals.
    • Irregularities: Greater irregularities in metallic radii than in lanthanoids.
    • Magnetic Properties: More complex than lanthanoids.
    • Actinoid Contraction: Greater than lanthanoid contraction.

    Other Details (from the image)

    • Electronic Configuration (d-block): (n-1)d1-10ns1-2
    • Electronic Configuration (Group Differences): Exceptions like Cr (4s13d5), Cu (4s13d10), Pd (5s04d10)
    • Exceptions (4s vs. 3d): Transition elements like Cr and Cu deviate from the expected electronic configuration to achieve a more stable arrangement.

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    D & F Block Elements | Lakshya NEET 2025 PDF

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    Explore the fascinating world of d and f block elements in this quiz. Learn about their unique properties such as oxidation states, melting points, and magnetic characteristics. Test your understanding of transition metals, lanthanides, and actinides.

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