Chemistry: Covalent Bonding and Atomic Orbitals
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism of covalent bonding?

  • Electrostatic attraction between atoms
  • Transfer of valence electrons between atoms
  • Sharing of valence electrons between atoms (correct)
  • Repulsion between atomic nuclei
  • What happens to the atomic orbitals during the formation of a covalent bond?

  • They merge to form a single orbital
  • They remain unchanged
  • They overlap to form a bonding molecular orbital (correct)
  • They are destroyed
  • What is the optimal distance between atoms in a covalent bond?

  • The distance at which electrostatic repulsion is minimum
  • The distance at which potential energy is maximum
  • The distance at which attraction forces are maximum
  • The equilibrium bond length (correct)
  • What is the shape of the electron density around the nuclei in a covalent bond?

    <p>Elliptical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of decreasing the distance between atoms in a covalent bond?

    <p>The electrostatic repulsion between nuclei increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distribution of electron density in a covalent bond?

    <p>Higher between the nuclei and lower around the nuclei</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the shared electrons between two atoms in a covalent bond?

    <p>Bonding pair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of two atoms sharing three pairs of electrons?

    <p>Triple covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy needed to overcome the attraction between the nuclei and the shared electrons in a covalent bond?

    <p>Bond energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an outer-level electron pair that is not involved in bonding?

    <p>Lone pair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of electron pairs being shared by a given pair of atoms in a covalent bond?

    <p>Bond order</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum number of electrons that hydrogen can achieve in a covalent bond?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why atoms form chemical bonds?

    <p>To lower the potential energy of the valence electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bonding occurs when a metal bonds to a nonmetal?

    <p>Ionic bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bonding involves the sharing of electrons?

    <p>Covalent bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key factor in determining the formation of a chemical bond?

    <p>The potential energy of the separate atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bonding occurs when a metal bonds to another metal?

    <p>Metallic bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the interactions between nucleus-electron attractions, nucleus-nucleus repulsions, and electron-electron repulsions?

    <p>The calculation of potential energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary driving force for the formation of chemical bonds?

    <p>The decrease in potential energy of the valence electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bonding is characterized by the transfer of electrons between atoms?

    <p>Ionic bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the formation of a chemical bond between two atoms?

    <p>A decrease in the potential energy of the separate atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bonding is characterized by the pooling of electrons between metal atoms?

    <p>Metallic bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key factor in determining the type of bonding that occurs between two atoms?

    <p>The electronegativity of the atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of chemical bonding?

    <p>Nuclear bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of valence electrons in an atom of nitrogen in its ground state?

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of drawing Lewis symbols for metal atoms?

    <p>To determine the number of electrons an atom loses to form a cation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basis of the octet rule in chemical bonding?

    <p>Atoms tend to lose or gain electrons to attain a filled outer level of 8 electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the transfer of electrons from a metal atom to a nonmetal atom?

    <p>The formation of an ionic bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio of sodium atoms to oxygen atoms required to form a compound?

    <p>2:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of drawing partial orbital diagrams in the context of ionic bonding?

    <p>To depict the formation of ions from the atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary assumption of the Lewis model regarding the valence electrons of an atom?

    <p>They are held most loosely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Lewis electron-dot symbols in the Lewis model?

    <p>To represent the valence electrons of an element</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the underlying principle behind the formation of a chemical bond in the Lewis model?

    <p>The sharing of electrons between atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the A-group number in the Lewis model?

    <p>It determines the number of valence electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome when two atoms attain stable electron configurations through the sharing or transfer of valence electrons?

    <p>A chemical bond is formed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between Lewis structures and molecular orbital diagrams?

    <p>Lewis structures are used for predicting bond types, while molecular orbital diagrams are used for predicting molecular shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

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