Chemistry Concepts and Calculations

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Questions and Answers

What is the correct frequency of red light produced from strontium salts when the wavelength is 6.50 x 10⁻⁷ m?

  • 6.15 x 10¹⁴ Hz
  • 2.09 x 10¹⁴ Hz
  • 3.12 x 10¹⁴ Hz
  • 4.62 x 10¹⁴ Hz (correct)

Calculate the wavelength of an electromagnetic wave given its frequency of 4.80 x 10¹⁰ Hz.

  • 6.25 x 10⁻³ m (correct)
  • 7.50 x 10⁻² m
  • 5.00 x 10⁻² m
  • 8.33 x 10⁻³ m

What is the energy of a gamma-ray photon with a frequency of 5.02 x 10²⁰ Hz?

  • 3.33 x 10⁻¹³ J (correct)
  • 4.12 x 10⁻¹³ J
  • 5.00 x 10⁻¹³ J
  • 2.45 x 10⁻¹³ J

Which notation represents the full electron configuration for Silicon?

<p>1s22s22p63s23p2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Hund's Rule, how should electrons be filled in degenerate orbitals?

<p>Electrons fill empty orbitals singly before pairing up. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compounds has a covalent bond between its constituent atoms?

<p>Carbon tetrabromide (CBr₄) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct name for the ionic compound represented by the formula ZnF₂?

<p>Zinc fluoride (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the nature of an ion?

<p>An atom or molecule with a net positive or negative charge (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the given incomplete chemical equation, what type of reaction might it represent?

<p>Double displacement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct formula for dinitrogen tetroxide?

<p>N₂O₄ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element is indicated by the electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p1?

<p>Gallium (Ga) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the bond angle associated with a trigonal planar VSEPR shape?

<p>120° (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements is least likely to form an ionic bond with Calcium (Ca)?

<p>Oxygen (O) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Lewis dot structure for Sodium Chloride (NaCl), how many dots will be around the Chlorine atom?

<p>8 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following Lewis dot structures correctly represents Magnesium Bromide (MgBr₂)?

<p>Mg with no dots and 2 Br with 8 dots each (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly differentiates an atom from an isotope?

<p>An atom is a particle that constitutes matter, whereas an isotope has a different mass number but the same elemental identity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Among the following, which element is characterized by a higher electronegativity?

<p>Oxygen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which isotope is expected to contain the largest number of neutrons?

<p>Uranium-235 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the calculated atomic mass of strontium based on its isotopes?

<p>87.71 amu (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements is expected to exhibit metallic properties more significantly?

<p>Potassium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a decomposition reaction?

<p>A single substance breaks down into two or more products. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main product when $C_2H_4O_2$ combusts with $O_2$?

<p>Water (H2O) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many significant figures are in the measurement 0.00056?

<p>2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When converting 20 inches to feet, what is the correct answer based on significant figures?

<p>1.67 feet (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Avogadro's number, and why is it significant in chemistry?

<p>6.022 x 10^23; it counts the number of particles in one mole. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the physical state of bromine at room temperature?

<p>Liquid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the density of the irregular shaped object measured in the lab?

<p>1.86 g/mL (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which atomic model is associated with JJ Thomson?

<p>Plum Pudding model (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist is best known for the oil drop experiment?

<p>Robert Millikan (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the physical state of helium at room temperature?

<p>Gas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is the relationship between frequency, wavelength, and the speed of light?

The relationship between the frequency, wavelength, and speed of light. It states that the speed of light is constant and its value is the product of frequency and wavelength.

How does the energy of a photon relate to its frequency?

The energy of a photon is directly proportional to its frequency. The higher the frequency, the higher the energy of the photon.

What is Aufbau's Principle?

It states that electrons will occupy orbitals in a specific order, starting from those with the lowest energy level.

What is the Pauli Exclusion Principle?

This principle states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers. This means each electron in an atom occupies a unique state.

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What is Hund's Rule?

It states that within a subshell, electrons will singly occupy each orbital before pairing up in the same orbital. This maximizes the number of unpaired spins.

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Orbital Diagram

A visual representation of the arrangement of electrons in an atom's orbitals.

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Electron Configuration

A shorthand representation of an atom's electron configuration, indicating the number of electrons in each orbital.

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VSEPR Shape

The shape of a molecule predicted by considering the repulsion between electron pairs in the valence shell.

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Bond Angle

The angle between two bonds in a molecule.

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Ionic Bonding

A type of chemical bond formed by the transfer of electrons between atoms, resulting in the formation of ions.

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What is a covalent bond?

A bond formed by the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. An example is water (H₂O).

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What is an ion?

A positively or negatively charged atom or molecule due to the gain or loss of electrons.

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What is an ionic bond?

A chemical bond formed by the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

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What is a covalent compound?

A compound formed by the sharing of electrons between nonmetals.

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What is an ionic compound?

A compound formed by the electrostatic attraction between a metal and a nonmetal.

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Decomposition Reaction

In a decomposition reaction, a single reactant breaks down into two or more products. This reaction is like a house falling apart into bricks and mortar.

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Combination Reaction

In a combination reaction, two or more reactants combine to form a single product. Imagine combining flour, sugar, and eggs to make a cake.

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What is Avogadro's Number?

The Avogadro's number is the number of particles present in one mole of any substance. It's like a baker's dozen, but instead of a dozen, it's a huge number of particles.

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Significant Figures

The number of significant figures in a number represents the digits that are considered reliable. Think of it as the level of precision in a measurement.

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Scientific Notation

Scientific notation is a way of representing very large or small numbers. It makes it easier to write and compare these numbers. Think of it as a short code for massive numbers.

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What is an isotope?

An isotope is a variation of an atom of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. This results in different atomic masses.

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What is electronegativity?

Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract electrons towards itself in a chemical bond. Higher electronegativity means stronger attraction to electrons.

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What is atomic radius?

The atomic radius is the distance from the nucleus of an atom to its outermost electron shell. Larger atoms have larger atomic radii.

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What are metallic properties?

Metallic properties are characteristics that tend to be present in elements that are metals. These characteristics include the ability to conduct heat and electricity, malleability and ductility.

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Physical States of Elements

The state of matter at room temperature can be solid, liquid or gas. At room temperature, helium is a gas, carbon is a solid, chlorine is a gas, and bromine is a liquid.

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Density Calculation

Density is a measure of how much mass is contained in a given volume. It can be calculated by dividing the mass of an object by its volume.

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Who discovered the electron?

JJ Thomson is credited with discovering the electron using his cathode ray tube experiment. He observed that a beam of particles could be deflected by a magnetic field.

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What is Millikan known for?

The Oil Drop Experiment was conducted by Robert Millikan to determine the charge of a single electron. It involved observing the movement of charged oil droplets in an electric field.

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What is the Plum Pudding model?

The Plum Pudding model was an early model of the atom proposed by JJ Thomson. It suggested that the atom was a positively charged sphere with negatively charged electrons embedded within it.

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